tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34939438765542221162024-02-18T22:35:44.331-08:00Fashion Newshttp://www.totallyfreecursors.com/design2011/images/download-button.pngAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.comBlogger72125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-41287931364298969262013-03-11T03:09:00.001-07:002013-03-15T20:02:20.930-07:00Kebaya<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: #4c1130;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span dir="auto" style="font-size: x-large;">Kebaya</span></span></span></h2>
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A group of women posing in traditional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakan" title="Peranakan">Peranakan</a> <i>nonya</i> kebaya</div>
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A <i><b>Kebaya</b></i> is a traditional blouse-dress combination that originates from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and worn by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia" title="Women in Indonesia">women in Indonesia</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Chinese" title="Straits Chinese">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Burma" title="Women in Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Singaporean" title="Chinese Singaporean">Singapore</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">southern Thailand</a>. It is sometimes made from sheer material such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, thin <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> or semi-transparent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a>, adorned with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a> or floral pattern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a>. Kebaya usually worn with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> <i>kain panjang</i>, or other traditional woven garment such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">ikat</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a> with a colorful motif.<br />
The <i>kebaya</i> is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_costume" title="National costume">national costume</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, although it is more accurately endemic to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-ReferenceA-1">[1]</a></sup> peoples.<br />
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<h2>
Contents</h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#Costume_components"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Costume components</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#Varieties"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Varieties</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#Political_significance"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Political significance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#Modern_usage_and_innovations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Modern usage and innovations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2>
Kebaya is inspired from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arab</a> region clothing;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lombard_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-lombard-2">[2]</a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word <i>abaya</i> means clothing.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raden_Adjeng_Kartini.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="199" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Raden_Adjeng_Kartini.jpg/140px-Raden_Adjeng_Kartini.jpg" width="140" /></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartini" title="Kartini">R.A. Kartini</a> and her husband in 19th century</div>
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The earliest form of Kebaya originates in the court of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> Kingdom as a means to blend the existing female <i>Kemban</i>,
torso wrap of the aristocratic women to be more modest and acceptable
to the newly adopted Islam religion. Aceh, Riau and Johor Kingdoms and
Northern Sumatra adopted the Javanese style kebaya as a means of social
expression of status with the more <i>alus</i> or refined Javanese overlords.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><br />
The name of Kebaya as a particular clothing type was noted by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> when they landed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Kebaya is associated with a type of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">blouse</a>
worn by Indonesian women in 15th or 16th century. Prior to 1600, kebaya
on Java island were considered as a sacred clothing to be worn only by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royal family</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracy_%28class%29" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocrats</a> (<i>bangsawan</i>) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priyayi" title="Priyayi">minor nobility</a>, in an era when peasant men and many women walked publicly bare-chested.<br />
Slowly it naturally spread to neighbouring areas through trade, diplomacy and social interactions to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
Javanese kebaya as known today were noted by Raffles in 1817, as being
of silk, brocade and velvet, with the central opening of the blouse
fastened by brooches, rather than button and button-holes over the torso
wrap <i>kemben</i>, the kain (and unstitched wrap fabric several metres long erroneously termed 'sarong <i>in English (a sarung (Malaysian accent: sarong) is stitched to form a tube, like a Western dress)</i>
After hundreds of years of regional acculturation, the garments have
become highly localised expressions of ethnic culture, artistry and
tailoring traditions.<br />
The earliest photographic evidence of the kebaya as known today date from 1857 of Javanese, Peranakan and Eurasian styles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Costume_components">Costume components</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sundanese_Grandma.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="204" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sundanese_Grandma.jpg/140px-Sundanese_Grandma.jpg" width="140" /></a>
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An elderly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> woman wearing simple kebaya, kain batik and batik headcloth, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>.</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kebaya_Fanbo_Cropped.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="308" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kebaya_Fanbo_Cropped.jpg/140px-Kebaya_Fanbo_Cropped.jpg" width="140" /></a>
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Indonesian maiden in kebaya and kain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>. The trace of <i>kemban</i> (torso wrap) can be seen underneath the semi-transparent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a> kebaya.</div>
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The quintessential <i>kebaya</i> is the Javanese kebaya as known today is essentially unchanged as noted by Raffles in 1817.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> It consists of the blouse (<i>kebaya</i>) of cotton , silk, lace, brocade or velvet, with the central opening of the blouse fastened by a central brooch (<i>kerongsang</i>)
where the flaps of the blouse meet. Traditional kebaya had no buttons
down the front. A typical three-piece kerongsang is composed of a <i>kerongsang ibu</i> (mother piece) that is larger and heavier than the other two <i>kerongsang anak</i> (child piece). <i>Kerongsang</i>
brooch often made from gold jewelry and considered as the sign of
social status of aristocracy, wealth and nobility, however for commoners
and peasant women, simple and plain kebaya often only fastened with
modest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_pin" title="Safety pin">safety pin</a> (<i>peniti</i>).<br />
The blouse is commonly semi-transparent and worn over the torso wrap or <i>kemben</i>. The skirt or <i>kain</i> is an unstitched fabric wrap around three metres long. The term <i>sarong</i> in English is erroneous, the <i>sarung</i> (Malaysian accent: sarong) is actually stitched together to form a tube, like a Western dress- the <i>kain</i> is unstitched, requires a helper to dress (literally wrap) the wearer and is held in place with a string (<i>tali</i>), then folded this string at the waist, then held with a belt (<i>sabuk</i> or <i>ikat pinggang</i>), which may hold a decorative pocket.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Varieties">Varieties</span></h3>
There are two main varieties. The blouse, known as <i>baju kebaya</i>
may be of two main form: the semi-transparent straighter cut blouse of
the Java, Bali, the more tightly tailored Sunda kebaya, and the more
Islamic compatible, plainer <i>baju kurung</i> is a loose-fitting,
knee-length long-sleeved blouse worn in the more adherent Muslim areas-
including former Kingdom of Johor-Riau (now Malaysia), Sumatra and parts
of coastal Java.<br />
In Java, Bali and Sunda, the kain is commonly batik which may be from plain stamped cotton to elaborately hand-painted <i>batik tulis</i> embroidered silk with gold thread. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a>, the kain is the traditional <i>tapis</i>- an elaborate gold-thread embroidered ikat with small mica discs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
Sumatera, Flores, Lemata Timor, and other islands commonly use kain of
ikat or songket. Sumba is famous for kain decorated with <i>lau hada</i>: shells and beads.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><br />
In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, a different variety of kebaya is called "nyonya kebaya" worn by those of Chinese ancestry: the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakan" title="Peranakan">Peranakan</a> people. The <i>Nyonya kebaya</i> is different in its famously intricately hand-beaded shoes (<i>kasut manek</i>) and use of kain with Chinese motive batik or imported printed or hand-painted Chinese silks. Other than Malacca, the <i>nyonya kebaya</i> also popular in other straits settlements; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<br />
In Java, the kebaya worn by ladies of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian" title="Chinese Indonesian">Chinese ancestry</a> is called <i>kebaya encim</i>, derived from the name <i>encim</i> or <i>enci</i> to refer to a married Chinese woman.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> It was commonly wore by Chinese ladies in Javan coastal cities with significant Chinese settlements, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, Lasem, Tuban, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekalongan" title="Pekalongan">Pekalongan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a>.
It marked differently from Javanese kebaya with its smaller and finer
embroidery, lighter fabrics and more vibrant colors, made from imported
materials such as silk and other fine fabrics. The encim kebaya fit well
with vibrant-colored kain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik#Pesisir_Batik_.28Coastal_Batik.29" title="Batik">batik pesisiran</a> (Javan coastal batik).<br />
During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonization</a>
of the island, European women began wearing the less restrictive and
cooler kebaya as a formal or social dress. European women wore shorter
sleeve and total length cotton in prints.<br />
The day kebaya of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo Eurasians</a> was of white cotton trimmed with European handmade lace- commonly from Bruges or the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and black silk for evening wear.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Political_significance">Political significance</span></h2>
The only woman present during Indonesia's Proclamation of Independence, Dutch-educated activist <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Trimurti" title="SK Trimurti">SK Trimurti</a>- wore <i>kebaya</i> cementing it as the female dress of Nationalism.<br />
In Japanese internment camps <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Indonesia" title="Japanese occupation of Indonesia">during the Second World War</a>, Indonesian female prisoners refused to wear the Western dress allocated them and instead wore <i>kebaya</i> as a display of Nationalist and racial solidarity separate from fellow Chinese, Europeans and Eurasian inmates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><br />
The 21st of April is celebrated in Indonesia as National Kartini Day where <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartini" title="Kartini">Raden Ajeng Kartini</a>,
the female suffragist and education advocate is remembered by
schoolgirls wearing traditional dress according to their region. In
Java, Bali and Sunda it is the <i>kebaya</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-ReferenceA-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
Kebaya as the national costume of Indonesian women were often featured by Indonesian first ladies. The wives of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, Indonesian first president; <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fatmawati_Sukarno&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fatmawati Sukarno (page does not exist)">Fatmawati Sukarno</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewi_Sukarno" title="Dewi Sukarno">Dewi Sukarno</a> were known to wearing kebaya daily.<br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>-era bureaucrat wives' social organisation <i>Dharma Wanita</i> wears a uniform of gold kebaya, with a red sash (<i>selendang</i>) and stamped batik pattern on the <i>kain</i> unique to <i>Dharma Wanita</i>. The late Indonesian first lady and also a minor aristocrat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tien_Suharto" title="Tien Suharto">Tien Suharto</a> was a prominent advocate of the <i>kebaya</i>.<br />
Former President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri">Megawati Sukarnoputri</a> is a public champion of <i>kebaya</i> and wears fine red <i>kebaya</i> whenever possible in public forums and 2009 Presidential election debates.<br />
Cultural rivalry between Malaysia and Indonesia has given rise to media-based spats over the true ownership of the '<i>kebaya</i>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Modern_usage_and_innovations">Modern usage and innovations</span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a> flight attendant uniform in kebaya and kain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>.</div>
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Apart from traditional kebaya, fashion designers are looking into
ways of modifying the design and making kebaya a more fashionable
outfit. Casual designed kebaya can even be worn with jeans or skirts.
For weddings or formal events, many designers are exploring other types
of fine fabrics like laces to create a bridal kebaya.<br />
Modern-day kebaya now incorporate modern Western tailoring
innovations such as clasps, zippers and buttons- zippers being a much
appreciated addition for ladies' requiring the bathroom, without
requiring being literally unwrapped by a helper- to the extent the true
kain is near unanimously rejected. Other modern innovations have
included the blouse <i>baju kebaya</i> worn without the restrictive kemben, and eve the kebaya blouse worn with slacks or made of the fabric usually for the <i>kain panjang</i>. The female flight attendant of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a> also featuring batik kebaya as their uniform.<br />
The female uniform of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a> flight attendants is more authentic modern interpretations, the kebaya is designed in simple yet classic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartini" title="Kartini">kartini</a>
style kebaya derived from 19th century kebaya of Javanese noblewomen.
The kebaya made from fire-proof cotton-polyester fabrics, with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> sarongs in <i>parang</i> or <i>lereng gondosuli</i> motif, which also incorporate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">garuda</a>'s wing motif and small dots represent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine" title="Jasmine">jasmine</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-32432355868472331472013-03-11T03:08:00.000-07:002013-03-11T03:08:12.086-07:00(7 GAMBAR)Nora Danish Pakai Baju Sekolah, Serius Cute!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Lupakan seketika sisi seksi Nora Danish yang ditampilkan di ruang
suratkhabar baru-baru ini. Hari ini Nora Danish telah mengupload
beberapa keping gambarnya berpakaian baju kurung sekolah menerusi <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Nora-Danish/450742498282696?ref=ts" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Facebook Nora Danish</strong></span></a> bersempena dengan filem Lagenda Budak Hostel. Cute gila kot ~~<br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i2.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah.jpg?w=584" width="400" /><br />
Kalau zaman sekolah dulu ada awek secomel Nora Danish, pastinya
menjadi rebutan pelajar-pelajar lelaki. Silap-silap boleh putus member
dibuatnya. Layankan lagi 6 keping gambar Nora Danish dengan membaca
entri ini sepenuhnya.<br />
P.S: <a href="http://amazingnara.com/nazmi-faiz-di-fc-beira-mar" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Nazmi Faiz di FC Beira Mar</strong></span></a><br />
<span id="more-19263"></span><br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i1.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah2.jpg?w=584" width="400" /><br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i1.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah3.jpg?w=584" width="400" /><br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i1.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah4.jpg?w=584" width="400" /><br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i1.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah5.jpg?w=584" width="400" /><br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i0.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah6.jpg?w=584" width="400" /><br />
<img alt="nora danish" class="aligncenter" height="400" src="http://i0.wp.com/i386.photobucket.com/albums/oo307/beautifulnara/bnara/ndsekolah7.jpg?w=584" width="400" /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-6983189220956166152013-03-11T03:07:00.000-07:002013-03-11T03:07:40.484-07:0010 style pakaian sekolahan di Negara Jepang<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div id="post_message_2172282">
Inilah 10 style pakaian sekolahan di Negara Jepang..umumnya para
remaja wanita memakai rok pendek...hmm..klo di indonesia gk bole
tuh..ntar rawan pemerkosaan..hehehe<br />
oke ini dia 10 style Pakaian sekolah di Jepang.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgejf0iMhBWH8N8ltZBJc94c481SP0ZETl9YWdHoZDpV4p8MSFPQJaQztX699l0fTT6nDeqTyaU4VdNq8_ahBWTZ-ZR0KeJXVltcuS41G7vCVoW-WpXrg_Q3n5gA7MaTgO1l4TgqdxXnzPH/s640/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-010.jpg" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhYxUf62fd8dMyq7meSQbrZYDTYSyyWyPygHp9j3SGFg0sfpHAsgzsfo5OAyVXK2u1OpEsp7Iay7DSll4kZjv2RCvAT09CkYA_ci_Ei-WTjuMetBgh1HL7K_zlSRUE81ULsqI68hWdHsCT/s400/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-001.jpg" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB-PIFNFyExstX-4tu8kwLHr9eoc14sXieWiBcjsSXPqnT0y4d-jqs4JwIjKdZkidOi-WB_KR4xzX9J27S97lT_oLGk4pbVtoaQNCRsp_zgI76xlsjNegBHgdlllswQMfm6GI5i1etqQGf/s640/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-002.jpg" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgStUZZ8G8rZqeF_ib6dvXd8YC-V6tED2wEoJYlQfOl2oOQR4-Epz82ZVUUrYiMp3Azc8bW3OXDj5AqA7RH_Om0tz8i_NrVBQzdJnL3XbiMJaHr4BOhyphenhyphen3PcvaFJd0SCjxTwe4CJAG6wcmeJ/s640/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-003.jpg" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_uMeltbiSFHrWeWLE_UqOYaWEbWniP3LhAdpd9uwFu-KJ7MX6KCIsMkaoZNAoHBbixwj-0kRk9kTfUyrRtDLt74CmL08eVhU4RmvjIDqdMAGceKZ4T8ys5BD7grjpwnBZU-N1qcIwvTfK/s640/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-004.jpg" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE7g_9Xvw3fwCgA9sDQHDLWOQcC3QXrTlDwXmBGGNiHUZgMhrHOPYdO2GDAqGl6NC58hA-RnksXAiKUBVwGP0k58SygCSKiL2EfYtKae4cF-0zG3M3VguDi7OcNOX0jB4kL12YGnVJ99Pv/s640/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-005.jpg" /><br />
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<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUrPj0vQNQ3jrBrdAJhL1pIvXpk_D_w4lFPjfMIB9nGTmO14-6s3Fjyrwvvv2OxRATf1KKmK0nNEt9OKN-_Ys-n_XsGIvBYH6JATRavbGMF8F2m9O-ixTrZgvr1LYOoekJ_1xlA70Zs1-/s640/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-007.jpg" /><br />
<br />
<img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeUPexyOCp9wmQYsaV6sPZqY0UqkwkIGo4djYjyrRLRql8CquF0EAhYVUTsIerhhZ5z8_HahR6YqxqstX6UnHkemp2Yzk0rbPG_5aSwaogdqYg6C4ytLtjkSjB0O72TzGsn2YUJYpxN7F/s400/BaBloglo_top-10-cosplay-costumes-009.jpg" /><br />
Kalo Mau Pake Cweknya <a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=babloglo&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbabloglo.blogspot.com%2F&ei=Cp7DTs_yJNDIrQemxJ3TCw&usg=AFQjCNFi-qLRQqCzwtmvTWecaGDz1j1Ylg&sig2=5UhLhO5j9H0XmmnHnVT4Jw&cad=rja" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">disini </a> gan
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-90909355195393443292013-03-11T03:05:00.003-07:002013-03-11T03:05:39.936-07:00Pro dan Kontra Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="entry-content">
<h1 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: red;"><strong>Pro dan Kontra </strong></span><strong><span style="color: red;">Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</span> </strong></h1>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Baju-Seragam-Sekolah-Murah.jpg"><img alt="Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-31" height="300" src="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Baju-Seragam-Sekolah-Murah-237x300.jpg" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah" width="237" /></a>Kami
telah bekerja dengan sekolah-sekolah di seluruh Indonesia, dan percaya
kami, Anda bukan satu-satunya orang menanyakan pertanyaan ini! Jawaban
yang kami telah mendengar dari pelanggan kami sangat beragam seperti
pelanggan kami. Perdebatan <strong>Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</strong> rumit , sehingga kami telah menyertakan menyoroti dari kedua belah pihak untuk Anda pertimbangkan :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Profesional – Beberapa mengatakan bahwa seorang anak di <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah">Baju Seragam Sekolah</a>
Murah lebih mungkin untuk anak menjadi lebih serius dan full kosentrasi
untuk belajar di sekolahnya. Menempatkan pada sinyal Baju Seragam
Sekolah Murah yang dia pergi ke sekolah seperti gaun ayah untuk pergi
bekerja. Sekolah melaporkan bahwa ketika siswa berpakaian “pakaian
kerja” ketimbang “pakaian bermain” mereka mengambil pendekatan yang
lebih serius untuk studi mereka.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Meningkatkan Disiplin Baik – Banyak
berpikir bahwa Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah membantu menjaga disiplin
sekolah, menurunnya jumlah masalah disiplin. Argumennya adalah bahwa
anak-anak saat ini kurang disiplin diri karena orang tua menolak untuk
mendisiplinkan mereka. Hal ini membuat lebih sulit pada guru yang harus
berurusan dengan kelas 25-30 siswa pada suatu waktu.</div>
<h2>
<span style="color: white;"><strong>Pro dan Kontra </strong></span><strong><span style="color: white;">Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</span> </strong></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mengurangi Fighting dan Kekerasan – Sekolah melaporkan bahwa <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah">Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</a>
menurunkan pertempuran dan kekerasan yang arrise keluar dari argumen
atas pakaian modis. Anak-anak selalu menggoda orang-orang yang tidak
memiliki pakaian trendi. Mereka yang tidak mampu pakaian nama merek
sering sensitif tentang pakaian mereka. Sekolah berjuang dengan masalah
geng melaporkan bahwa Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah membantu meredakan
ketegangan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Gangguan – Banyak orang tua percaya
bahwa siswa mengenakan Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah tampak lebih bagus dan
bahwa kebijakan Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah memastikan bahwa anak-anak
akan datang ke sekolah dalam pakaian yang tepat, menghindari gangguan
seperti mode dianggap aneh atau terlalu mengungkapkan. Beberapa siswa
telah mengubah sekolah menjadi sebuah fashion show tanpa akhir. Ini
disctracts dari belajar, karena beberapa anak-anak menghabiskan waktu
lebih terfokus pada pakaian mereka daripada pekerjaan rumah.</div>
<h3>
<span style="color: white;"><strong>Pro dan Kontra </strong></span><strong><span style="color: white;">Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</span> </strong></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Nilai – <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/baju-seragam-sekolah/.html" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah">Baju Seragam Sekolah</a> Murah menekankan bahwa individualitas dan ekspresi diri tidak ditentukan oleh desainer pakaian atau mode fashion terbaru.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Biaya rendah – Baju Seragam Sekolah
Murah yang murah. Mereka menjadi jauh lebih murah daripada pakaian
lainnya. Sekolah berpendapat bahwa Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah yang
ekonomis, terutama dibandingkan dengan desainer pakaian, dan orang tua
setuju ketahanan Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah yang diberikan. Mereka
mengatakan Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah lebih lama karena mereka dibuat
untuk mencuci berulang dan keausan. Banyak sekolah memanfaatkan ini
dengan memulai toko Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah yang digunakan atau
perlombaan swap. Orangtua bisa mendapatkan Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah
yang digunakan dengan harga diskon, atau hanya menggunakannya sebagai
tangan-me-downs antara saudara kandung.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sekolah Spirit – Sebagian merasa
mengenakan Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah membantu membangun semangat
sekolah. Ini menanamkan rasa memiliki. Sebagai Beach Boys berkata,
“Jadilah benar ke sekolah Anda.” Sekolah melaporkan peningkatan
kebanggaan sekolah.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Individualitas – Supressing
individualitas adalah keberatan paling sering dikutip untuk seragam
sekolah. Pendidik berpendapat bahwa sebuah program akademik mendorong
siswa untuk mengejar pemikiran individu jauh lebih penting daripada apa
yang mereka kenakan. Mereka menghambat kreativitas dan ekspresi diri,
memaksa siswa untuk menyesuaikan diri.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Penyebab Masalah Disiplin – Beberapa siswa menolak setiap aturan. Memaksa mereka untuk mengenakan <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/baju-seragam-sekolah/.html" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah">Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</a>
hanya memperburuk semangat rebelious mereka. Mereka mengubah Baju
Seragam Sekolah Murah mereka dengan pengetatan, melebar, memperpendek,
atau memperpanjang mereka, dan guru diberi tugas yang mustahil
kepolisian siswa setiap hari.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sedikit atau Tidak Hubungan dengan
Akademisi – Lawan bersikeras bahwa mereka ada bukti kredibel bahwa Baju
Seragam Sekolah Murah meningkatkan disiplin sekolah atau mempromosikan
acheivement akademik yang lebih tinggi. Argumen utama adalah bahwa
beberapa siswa besar adalah meja rias yang mengerikan. Baju tidak selalu
meningkatkan pembelajaran salam dari <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/baju-seragam-sekolah/.html" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah">Baju Seragam Sekolah Murah</a>.</div>
</div>
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<h2 class="entry-title">
<a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/baju-seragam-sekolah/.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to Baju Seragam Sekolah">Baju Seragam Sekolah</a></h2>
<div class="entry-meta">
<span class="meta-prep meta-prep-author">Posted on</span> <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/baju-seragam-sekolah/.html" rel="bookmark" title="4:34 pm"><span class="entry-date">August 17, 2012</span></a> <span class="meta-sep">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/author/Gusdur" title="View all posts by Gusdur">Gusdur</a></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Baju seragam sekolah adalah baju
yang digunakan oleh siswa-siswi suatu sekolah atau lembaga pendidikan
tertentu sebagai lambang atau identitas dari suatu sekolah. Adanya trend
kekebasan yang berkiblat dari belahan dunia barat, menimbulkan adanya
pro dan kontra terhadap pemakaian <strong>baju seragam sekolah</strong> ini, maklum kalau tidak sesuai dengan trend barat kata anak sekarang ketinggalan jaman.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Anda membutuhkan baju seragam sekolah untuk Anak tercinta Anda tanpa repot, Pesan sekarang juga disini :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.seragamsekolah.co/order-seragam-sekolah" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah - Order"><img alt="Baju Seragam Sekolah - Order" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-23" height="161" src="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Baju-Seragam-Sekolah-Order.gif" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah - Order" width="324" /></a>Padahal
di negara-negara barat pun baju seragam sekolah masih menjadi ketetapan
yang dikeluarkan oleh negaranya. Tapi ternyata ada perbedaan baju
seragam sekolah di Indonesia dengan negara-negara Eropa misalnya,
rata-rata di negara Eropa seragamnya memakai jas jadi kelihatan beda
jauh <img alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" src="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" />
dibandingkan baju seragam sekolah di Indonesia. Dan jika saya
bandingkan dengan negara Asia contoh Negara Jepang juga berbeda, mereka
disana untuk siswa memakai jas dan untuk siswi memakai baju seragam
sekolah ala sailor.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Saya akan menceritakan dulu baju seragam
sekolah negara Jepang untuk studi perbandingan dengan Negara Indonesia.
Ada yang bertanya mengapa baju seragam sekolah negara Jepang seperti
pelaut, ini informasinya , dulu ada pertanyaan tentang seragam anak
sekolah di Jepang yang mirip dengan seragam pelaut.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Baju-Seragam-Sekolah-Jepang.jpg"><img alt="Baju Seragam Sekolah" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-16" height="599" src="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Baju-Seragam-Sekolah-Jepang.jpg" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah Jepang" width="406" /></a>Saya
coba tanya ke teman-teman Jepang, kenapa seragam anak sekolah di Jepang
mirip seragam pelaut dan mereka rada mengerenyit aneh dengan pertanyaan
saya. Beberapa hari yang lalu ketika menginap di rumah seorang teman di
Tsukuba Daigaku, saya mendapat sedikit penjelasan darinya. Saya coba
search di wikipedia tentang セーラ服(se-ra fuku), seragam sailor. Dan
lumayan dijelaskan baik dalam edisi bahasa Inggris-nya apalagi yang
berbahasa Jepang.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pakaian ala sailor merupakan ide seorang
kepala sekolah Fukuoka jo gakuin, Ibu Elizabeth Lee.Waktu itu anak-anak
putri Jepang mengenakan kimono ketika bersekolah yang tentu saja
menyulitkan gerak gerik mereka ketika berolahraga. Maka bu kepsek
teringat dengan model seragam yang dipakainya ketika belajar di Inggris,
yaitu baju sailor. Tahun 1918, bu Elizabeth meminta seorang penjahit di
Oota Toyokichi (太田豊吉)untuk menjahitkan baju atasan seragam anak-anak
putri. Setelah jadi, baju sailor itu ternyata robek ketika dipakai
berolah raga, maka bu Elizabeth menyarankan agar dipasang resleting di
bagian kiri/kanan baju dari arah ketiak.Tapi kelihatannya resleting ini
tidak lazim sekarang. Itu ceritanya tentang mengapa <em>Baju Seragam Sekolah</em> di Jepang seperti pelaut.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Asal kata untuk masing-masing kata baju
seragam sekolah penjelasannya di bawah ini, Baju adalah kebutuhan pokok
manusia selain makanan dan tempat berteduh/tempat tinggal (rumah).
Manusia membutuhkan baju untuk melindungi dan menutup dirinya. Namun
seiring dengan perkembangan kehidupan manusia, baju juga digunakan
sebagai simbol status, jabatan, ataupun kedudukan seseorang yang
memakainya.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Perkembangan dan jenis-jenis baju
tergantung pada adat-istiadat, kebiasaan, dan budaya yang memiliki ciri
khas masing-masing. Baju juga meningkatkan keamanan selama kegiatan
berbahaya seperti hiking dan memasak, dengan memberikan penghalang
antara kulit dan lingkungan. Baju juga memberikan penghalang higienis,
menjaga toksin dari badan dan membatasi penularan kuman.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Seragam adalah seperangkat pakaian
standar yang dikenakan oleh anggota suatu organisasi sewaktu
berpartisipasi dalam aktivitas organisasi tersebut. Pelaksana kegiatan
keagamaan telah menggunakan kostum standar sejak dulu. Contoh lain
penggunaan seragam yang pertama adalah pakaian tentara Kekaisaran Romawi
dan peradaban-peradaban lainnya. Seragam modern dikenakan oleh angkatan
bersenjata dan organisasi paramiliter seperti polisi, layanan darurat,
satpam, di beberapa tempat kerja, sekolah, dan penghuni penjara.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Di beberapa negara, pejabat negara juga
dapat menggunakan seragam, contohnya seragam pegawai negeri sipil di
Indonesia.Saat ini banyak pegawai – pegawai restauran dan pedagang kaki
lima juga menggunakan seragam kerja kantor. Sehingga banyak konveksi –
konveksi di Bandung, produksi seragam tersebut.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sekolah adalah sebuah lembaga yang
dirancang untuk pengajaran siswa / murid di bawah pengawasan guru.
Sebagian besar negara memiliki sistem pendidikan formal, yang umumnya
wajib. Dalam sistem ini, siswa kemajuan melalui serangkaian sekolah.
Nama-nama untuk sekolah-sekolah ini bervariasi menurut negara (dibahas
pada bagian Daerah di bawah), tetapi umumnya termasuk sekolah dasar
untuk anak-anak muda dan sekolah menengah untuk remaja yang telah
menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar. Jadi jika di rangkaikan kata-kata tadi
pengertian dari <span style="text-decoration: underline;">baju seragam sekolah</span> jadi seperti diawal paragraf di atas.</div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
Baju Seragam Sekolah</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pentingnya <a href="http://bajuseragamsekolah.com/" title="Baju Seragam Sekolah">baju seragam sekolah</a>
bagi siswa-siswi di suatu sekolah. Hal ini menjadi penting sekali
keberadaanya karena ini merupakan salah satu proses pembelajaran bagi
mereka, dengan memakai baju seragam sekolah ini mereka harus
berhati-hati dalam bertindak. BERITA penghapusan seragam sekolah
menimbulkan pro-kontra di kalangan publik. Dikabarkan, Menteri
Pendidikan Nasional ( Mendiknas ) Bambang Sudibyo berencana menghapus
baju seragam sekolah (Suara Merdeka, 5 November 2004). Berkaitan dengan
hal tersebut, tidak mengherankan bila terjadi pro dan kontra, terlebih
di kalangan praktisi pendidikan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pejabat pemerintahan yang lain pun ikut
menyayangkan rencana penghapusan itu. Oleh karenanya, dipandang perlu
Mendiknas mempertimbangkan terlebih dahulu rencana penghapusan baju
seragam sekolah, sebelum menjadi suatu kebijakan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Penulis sebagai orang tua siswa yang
juga sebagai guru, sangat menyayangkan rencana penghapusan baju seragam
sekolah. Sebab, baju seragam sekolah mempunyai banyak fungsi dan
manfaat, antara lain ;</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. Identitas suatu sekolah sesuai dengan jenjang pendidikan masing-masing.<br />
2. Menciptakan kedisiplinan siswa. Dengan pemakaian baju seragam sekolah
yang ditentukan berdasarkan hari dalam tiap minggunya, dapat
menciptakan perasaan dan semangat disiplin, misalnya pada hari Senin
sampai dengan hari Kamis siswa berseragam sekolah, hari Jumat dan Sabtu
memakai seragam pramuka, dan setiap olahraga memakai pakaian seragam
olahraga.<br />
3. Membentuk kerapian. Saat pelaksanaan upacara bendera, akan tampak
jelas, dengan baju seragam sekolah membuat kerapian dalam barisan.<br />
4. Menampakkan keindahan. Dari kerapian, akan memunculkan keindahan yang enak dipandang.<br />
5. Kebanggaan orang tua. Melihat anak-anaknya berangkat ke sekolah
dengan baju seragam sekolah sesuai jenjang pendidikan masing-masing,
orang tua merasa bangga.<br />
6. Tercipta rasa persatuan dan kesatuan di antara para siswa.<br />
7. Memperlihatkan perbedaan jenjang pendidikan. Sekolah Dasar berseragam
putih merah, Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama berseragam putih biru,
Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas berseragam putih abu-abu, sehingga dengan
mudah dibedakan mana siswa Sekolah Dasar, mana siswa Sekolah Lanjutan
Tingkat Pertama dan mana siswa Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas.<br />
8. Memudahkan pemantauan, bila dalam rangka upacara peringatan hari
besar nasional, atau dalam acara perlombaan, atau juga dalam kegiatan
wisata maupun kegiatan yang lain secara bersamaan dengan berbagai
sekolah di segala jenjang pendidikan. Dengan pakaian seragam, memudahkan
bagi guru dalam memantau anak didiknya.<br />
9. Sebagai kendali. Dengan berpakaian baju seragam sekolah, secara
otomatis anak-anak merasa bukan anak liar, yang sangat bebas bertindak
dan melakukan pelanggaran asusila maupun kegiatan yang dilarang oleh
peraturan sekolah.<br />
10. Ada perbedaan antara baju seragam sekolah dengan pakaian di rumah,
atau pakaian kegiatan di luar rumah. Masing-masing pakaian dipakai
sesuai dengan fungsi, situasi dan kondisinya.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Memberatkan : Bagaimana jika baju
seragam sekolah dihapus? Besar kemungkinan muncul persoalan baru bagi
sekolah dan juga orang tua siswa. Bagi sekolah, dengan adanya peraturan
pemakaian baju seragam sekolah, siswa dididik untuk selalu tertib. Bila
benar-benar seragam sekolah dihapus, tentunya sekolah harus pula
merombak peraturannya, utamanya tata tertib dalam berpakaian.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Bagaimana dengan orang tua siswa? Bagi
orang tua, khususnya yang tidak atau kurang mampu, akan menjadi masalah
besar, karena harus menyediakan pakaian baru yang layak untuk sekolah
anak-anaknya. Ya, kalau kebetulan anaknya satu atau dua, kemungkinan
tidak begitu terasa berat. Lalu bagaimana dengan yang anaknya banyak dan
semuanya masih bersekolah? Bukankah mereka harus menyediakan pakaian
baru layak pakai sekolah untuk anak-anaknya, yang setiap anak tentunya
tidak hanya satu setel pakaian.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Harga baju seragam sekolah layak saat
sekarang sungguh dapat dikatakan mahal. Bukankah orang tua harus
menambah beban pengeluaran baru yang tidak sedikit jumlahnya? Belum lagi
bila si anak memilih sendiri pakaian yang sesuai dengan seleranya.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Di sisi lain, orang tua menghendaki
sekolah murah, yang juga merupakan program pemerintah. Bolehlah
pemerintah (dalam hal ini Mendiknas) mengeluarkan kebijakan penghapusan
baju seragam sekolah, namun hendaknya diimbangi dengan subsidi pembelian
pakaian layak sekolah, khususnya untuk anak-anak tidak mampu.
Mungkinkah pemerintah siap?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Bila itu tidak mungkin, maka akan
berdampak besar bagi sekolah dan orang tua siswa yang tidak mampu.
Rencana penghapusan seragam sekolah harus benar-benar dikaji ulang.
Penghapusan seragam sekolah jangan sampai berdampak pada kesenjangan
antara anak-anak yang mampu dengan anak-anak yang tidak mampu.
Kesenjangan akan berdampak pada faktor spsikologis anak, dan
dikhawatirkan menjadi hambatan bagi proses belajar mereka.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Baju Seragam Sekolah</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tapi disisi lain yang setuju dengan
penghapusan Baju seragam sekolah ini argumen yang disampaikan,
Keuntungan Bila Tanpa Baju Seragam Sekolah :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. Hemat, sehingga terjangkau oleh rakyat miskin.<br />
2. Tidak membebani psikologi siswa pada hal yang tidak berkaitan
langsung dengan pendidikan. Mereka perlu fokus kepada pelajaran, tidak
perlu dialihkan kepada hal lain yang tidak penting.<br />
3. Keterbukaan. Siswa dapat tampil apa adanya, sesuai dengan karakter
dan kesukaan mereka. Guru dapat melihat bagaimana masing-masing gaya
siswa yang sebenarnya sehingga dapat memberikan penilaian tentang hal
itu. Misalnya bila siswa suka mengenakan baju yang terlalu mencolok,
guru bisa mendekati dan menyarankan sesuatu untuk kebaikan siswa.<br />
4. Keindahan. Siswa dapat tampil serapi atau semenarik mungkin (dalam
batas kesopanan). Ini adalah hal alamiah yang dimiliki oleh seorang anak
muda.<br />
5. Memunculkan toleransi. Siswa dapat tampil sesuai dengan kebiasaan/
budaya keluarganya, sehingga semua siswa akan dapat melihat kenyataan
bahwa masing-masing itu berbeda, dan mereka akan berlatih untuk
menghargai perbedaan. Bila ada siswa yang kurang mampu, maka tentu akan
dapat dikenali, disini siswa yang lain dapat segera memberikan respon
positif misalnya berupa bantuan.<br />
6. Menciptakan obyektivitas. Ketika berbaur dengan banyak siswa yang
lain, seorang tidak akan dapat dibedakan mana yang senior dan junior.
Maka yang dihargai bukan lagi penampilannya, melainkan kualitas
pribadinya.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kesimpulan – Menimbang baik dan buruknya pemberlakuan seragam di sekolah, maka saya berpendapat:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jika sekolah mengadakan baju seragam
sekolah, hendaknya memperhatikan kondisi ekonomi siswanya. Misalnya
dengan membantu siswa yang kurang mampu. Memakai Baju Seragam Sekolah
atau tidak, ukuran kesopanan dan kerapian hendaknya diukur dari standar
Islam. Bila tidak akan terjadi perbedaan yang mencolok dan tidak perlu.
Misalnya, betapa kapitalistiknya aturan “dilarang memakai sandal di
kampus” lantaran dianggap tidak sopan (?) sementara yang berbaju ketat
dan “kekong” (kethok bokong -maaf) dibiarkan berlalu lalang.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jika ditanya, apakah dalam sekolah saya
kelak akan menerapkan pemberlakuan seragam? saya akan jawab “hanya satu
jenis seragam saja” untuk keperluan seremonial, karnaval, atau mengirim
perwakilan sekolah, sementara untuk hari-hari kebanyakan siswa dibiarkan
memilih baju kesukaannya untuk berangkat ke sekolah. Nah, sekarang
giliran anda mengkritisi…</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-35943830401303327532013-03-11T03:05:00.000-07:002013-03-11T03:05:04.089-07:00Sejarah Seragam Sekolah di Jepang <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
Sejarah Seragam Sekolah di Jepang
</h3>
<div class="post-header">
<span class="date-header"><br /></span><div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-3">
<span class="post-location">
</span>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXSAP07c52KrpS44Q6cHV0B5gQebbPddDf4-q5xp-7pPkQNb56rFqRa5LWUZ9Z2SYh9gd26yeSzw9rnuBzpOqvXTTye3N3r7oNLWM7XI6oBuh2_yb0KSSFjvTaTIEQkOEZ7J-nurusJk/s400/sailor+2.gif" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 1px;" width="400" /></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYfpYFKQFJQ5PtgbyGUP35mY2_5n7CH4q-NsM-1QEZnAWE0iz9hPbP5ys53NuRATsqeb3i2MOFYvKJCqxhfuuG_IVKp3dxnH2S-dCi8g4PtQ8GPvUSnm3sK9ZMqFBW3YeNxw5a_jprVkk/s400/sailor2.jpg" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 1px;" width="237" /></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 25.600000381469727px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><div style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Ternyata dulu pakaian ala sailor merupakan ide seorang kepala sekolah <i><u>Fukuoka jo gakuin, Ibu Elizabeth Lee</u></i>.
Zaman dulu anak-anak putri Jepang mengenakan kimono ketika bersekolah
yang tentu saja menyulitkan gerak gerik mereka ketika beraktifitas
terutama berolahraga. Kemudian Ibu Elizabeth Lee teringat dengan model
seragam yang dipakainya ketika belajar di Inggris, yaitu baju
Sailor/Pelaut. Tahun 1918, Ibu Elizabeth meminta seorang penjahit di
Oota Toyokichi untuk menjahitkan baju atasan seragam anak-anak putri.
Tetapi Baju sailor itu ternyata robek ketika dipakai berolah raga, maka
Ibu Elizabeth menyarankan agar dipasang resleting di bagian kiri/kanan
baju dari arah ketiak.Tapi kelihatannya resleting ini tidak lazim
dikenakan.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 38.400001525878906px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Kendala selanjutnya gerakan anak-anak
masih terhambat karena rok yang mereka pakai masih berbentuk lurus
panjang. Ibu Elizabeth pun datang kembali ke penjahit dan menjelaskan
agar dibuat rok yang memudahkan anak-anak bergerak. Penjahit mendapat
ide membuat rok berlipit-lipit setelah melihat gorden yang tertiup angin
tetapi setelah itu dan dapat kembali ke bentuk semula. Akhirnya
dibuatlah rok lipit-lipit. Tapi lambat laun rok yang dipakai siswi-siswi
Jepang semakin pendek.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="more"></a></div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Pada tahun 1921, pertama kali
pemakaian seragam sailor di Jepang. Pada tahun yang sama, sekolah Kinjou
gakuin di Aichi juga memutuskan menggunakan seragam sailor. Adapun anak
laki-laki mereka berseragam seperti tentara Jepang dulu, lengkap dengan
topinya yang disebut dengan `gakuran`. Sebenarnya pakaian sailor untuk
siswi sebenarnya juga agak berkesan militer.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Seragam sailor biasanya dilengkapi
dengan dasi, lalu disertai rok kotak-kotak berlipit-lipit, dan pada
musim dingin para siswi sering memadukannya dengan Loose Shocks (kaus
kaki kedodoran).</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Di beberapa sekolah seragam sailor
tidak dipakai lagi, tapi diganti dengan blazer atau kemeja putih
berlengan pendek atau panjang. Tapi rok yang dikenakan tetap pendek,
Anak-anak SMA di jepang lebih modis dan punya gaya berseragam yang
unik-unik.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;"> Hmm..... Tentu para pria menyukai
seragam ini tidak hanya pria di jepang karena seragam sekolah anak putri
jepang membuat mereka terlihat cantik dan sexy dengan rok mini
berlipat-lipat dan seragam atasan dengan kain putih tipis yang apabila
basah terkena keringat atau hujan membuat seragam itu jadi tampak
sedikit transparan...:D</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;"> Dengan pakaian seragam, anak sekolah
mudah untuk dikenali, apalagi jika mereka bolos pada jam-jam sekolah.
Ironis nya bagi sekolah-sekolah untuk anak-anak yang tak mampu,
Jangankan untuk membeli seragam, memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari pun
mereka kesulitan.</span></div>
</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 38.400001525878906px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Untuk sistem pendidikannya, di Jepang
menerapkan sistem pendidikan dasar (shougakkou) tidak mengenal ujian
kenaikan kelas, tetapi siswa yang telah menyelesaikan proses belajar di
kelas satu secara otomatis akan naik ke kelas dua, demikian seterusnya.
Ujian akhir pun tidak ada, karena SD dan SMP masih termasuk kelompok
compulsoy education, sehingga siswa yang telah menyelesaikan studinya di
tingkat SD dapat langsung mendaftar ke SMP.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;"> Tetapi untuk meningkatkan mutu
pendidikan dan kompetensi anak-anak sekolah dijepang , Tentu saja guru
tetap melakukan ulangan sekali2 untuk mengecek daya tangkap siswa. Dan
penilaian ulangan pun tidak dengan angka tetapi dengan huruf : A, B, C,
kecuali untuk matematika. Dari kelas 4 hingga kelas 6 juga dilakukan
test IQ untuk melihat kemampuan dasar siswa. Data ini dipakai bukan
untuk mengelompokkan siswa berdasarkan hasil test IQ-nya, tetapi untuk
memberikan perhatian lebih kepada siswa dengan kemampuan di atas normal
atau di bawah normal. Perlu diketahui, siswa2 di Jepang tidak
dikelompokkan berdasarkan kepandaian, tetapi semua anak dianggap `bisa`
mengikuti pelajaran, sehingga kelas berisi siswa dengan beragam
kemampuan akademik.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Compulsory Education di Jepang
dilaksanakan dengan prinsip memberikan akses penuh kepada semua anak
untuk mengenyam pendidikan selama 9 tahun (SD dan SMP) dengan
menggratiskan tuition fee, dan mewajibkan orang tua untuk menyekolahkan
anak (ditetapkan dalam Fundamental Law of Education). Untuk memudahkan
akses, maka di setiap distrik didirikan SD dan SMP walaupun daerah
kampung dan siswa</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">nya minim (per kelas 10-11 siswa).
Orang tua pun tidak boleh menyekolahkan anak ke distrik yang lain, jadi
selama masa compulsory education, anak bersekolah di distrik masing2.
Tentu saja mutu sekolah negeri di semua distrik sama, dalam arti
fasilitas sekolah, bangunan sekolah, tenaga pengajar dengan persyaratan
yang sama (guru harus memegang lisensi mengajar yang dikeluarkan oleh
Educational Board setiap prefecture). Oleh karena itu mutu siswa SD dan
SMP di Jepang yang bersekolah di sekolah negeri dapat dikatakan `sama`,
sebab Ministry of Education menkondisikan equality di semua sekolah.
Saat ini tengah digalakkan program reformasi yang memberi kesempatan
kepada sekolah untuk berkreasi mengembangkan proses pendidikannya,
tetapi tetap saja dalam pantauan MOE.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Di tingkat SMP dan SMA, sama seperti
di Indonesia, ada dua kali ulangan, mid test dan final test, tetapi
tidak bersifat wajib atau pun nasional. Di beberapa prefecture yang
melaksanakan ujian, final test dilaksanakan serentak selama tiga hari,
dengan materi ujian yang dibuat oleh sekolah berdasarkan standar dari
Educational Board di setiap prefektur. Penilaian kelulusan siswa SMP dan
SMA tidak berdasark</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">an hasil final test, tapi akumulasi
dari nilai test sehari2, ekstra kurikuler, mid test dan final test.
Dengan sistem seperti ini, tentu saja hampir 100% siswa naik kelas atau
dapat lulus.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Selanjutnya siswa lulusan SMP dapat
memilih SMA yang diminatinya, tetapi kali ini mereka harus mengikuti
ujian masuk SMA yang bersifat standar, artinya soal ujian dibuat oleh
Educational Board di setiap prefektur. Di Aichi prefecture, SMA-SMA
dikelompokkan dengan pengelompokan A, B. Pengelompokan tersebut dibuat
dalam proses memilih SMA. Setiap siswa dapat memilih satu sekolah di
kelompok A dan satu sekolah di kelompok B. Jika si siswa lulus dalam
kelompok A, maka secara otomatis dia gugur dari kelompok B. Dalam
memilih SMA, siswa berkonsultasi dengan guru, orang tua atau disediakan
lembaga khusus di Educational Board yang bertugas melayani konsultasi
dalam memilih sekolah. Ujian masuk pun hampir serentak di seluruh jepang
dengan bidang studi yang sama yaitu, Bahasa Jepang, English, Math,
Social Studies, dan Science. Di level ini siswa dapat memilih sekolah di
distrik lain.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Seperti dipaparkan di atas, siswa SMA
tidak mengikuti ujian kelulusan secara nasional, tetapi ada beberapa
prefecture yang melaksanakan ujian. Penilaian kelulusan siswa berbeda di
setiap prefecture. Mengingat angka Drop out siswa SMA meningkat di
tahun 1990-an, maka beberapa sekolah tidak mengadakan ujian akhir, jadi
kelulusan hanya berdasarkan hasil ujian harian.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Untuk masuk universitas, siswa lulusan
SMA diharuskan mengikuti ujian masuk universitas yang berskala
nasional. Ini yang dianggap `neraka` oleh sebagian besar siswa SMA.
Sebagian dari mereka memilih untuk belajar di juku (les privat, seperti
di Indonesia) untuk dapat lulus ujian masuk universitas. Ujian masuk PT
dilakukan dua tahap. Pertama secara nasional- soal ujian disusun oleh
Ministry of education, terdiri dari lima subject, sama seperti ujian
masuk SMA-, selanjutnya siswa harus mengikuti ujian masuk yang dilakukan
masing2 universitas, tepatnya ujian masuk di setiap fakultas. Skor
kelulusan adalah akumulasi ujian masuk nasional dan ujian di setiap PT.
Seperti halnya di Indonesia, skor hasil UMPTN tidak diumumkan, tetapi
jawaban ujian diberitakan via koran, TV atau internet, sehingga siswa
dapat mengira2 sendiri berapa total score yg didapat. Siswa yang memilih
Universitas dg skor tinggi, tapi ternyata skornya tidak memdai, dapat
mengacu ke pilihan universitas ke-2. Namun jika skornya tidak mencukupi,
maka siswa tidak dapat masuk Universitas. Selanjutnya dia dapat
mengikuti ujian masuk PT swasta atau menjalani masa ronin (menyiapkan
diri untuk mengikuti ujian masuk di tahun berikutnya) di prepatory
school (yobikou)</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;">Penilain mutu pendidikan di Jepang,
dengan kata lain dilakukan dengan menstandarkan ujian masuk SMA dan PT,
tentu saja sistem ini bisa berjalan karena pemerintah di Jepang pun
berusaha maksimal untuk menyamakan kondisi public education-nya, dalam
arti menyediakan infra struktur yang sama untuk setiap jenjang
pendidikan di daerah.</span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.6em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 1.6em;"> Saat ini gaung autonomy daerah makin
kencang di Jepang, seberapa besar tarik ulur antara pemerintah pusat dan
pemerintah daerah dalam sektor pendidikan menjadi salah satu pengamatan
yang menarik bagi saya pribadi. Di jepang nuansa kebebasan untuk
mengembangkan pendidikan berdasarkan potensi dan karakter daerah sangat
kental.</span></div>
</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-74362721009116753652013-03-11T03:03:00.000-07:002013-03-11T03:03:11.759-07:00Graphic design<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<span dir="auto">Graphic design</span></h1>
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Graphic symbols are often <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_follows_function" title="Form follows function">functionalist</a> and anonymous,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> as these <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictograph" title="Pictograph">pictographs</a> from the US <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> illustrate.</div>
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<b>Graphic design</b> is a creative process, one most often involving
a client and a designer, and traditionally completed in conjunction
with producers of form (printers, sign makers, etc.). In the 21st
century, however, graphic design may be applied directly to websites,
eliminating the need for an intermediary. Graphic design is undertaken
to convey a specific message (or messages) to a targeted audience,
usually from the client, known as the 'brief'. The term "graphic design"
can also refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines
that focus on visual communication and presentation. The field as a
whole is also often referred to as <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Communication" title="Visual Communication">Visual Communication</a></i> or <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_Design" title="Communication Design">Communication Design</a></i>.
Various methods are used to create and combine words, symbols, and
images to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A
graphic designer may use a combination of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">page layout</a>
techniques to produce a balanced, focused and symmetrical final result.
Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which
the communication is created and the products (designs) which are
generated.<br />
Common uses of graphic design include identity (logos and branding),
publications (magazines, newspapers and books), advertisements and
product packaging. For example, a product package might include a logo
or other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapes
and color which unify the piece. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_%28visual_arts%29" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a> is one of the most important features of graphic design, especially when using pre-existing materials or diverse elements.<br />
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<h2>
Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#The_advent_of_printing"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">The advent of printing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Emergence_of_the_design_industry"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Emergence of the design industry</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Twentieth_century_design"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Twentieth century design</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Applications"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Applications</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Skills"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Skills</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Visual_arts"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Visual arts</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Typography"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Typography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Page_layout"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Page layout</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Interface_design"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Interface design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#User_experience_design"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">User experience design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Printmaking"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Printmaking</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Tools"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Tools</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Computers_and_the_creative_process"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Computers and the creative process</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Occupations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Occupations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Related_disciplines"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Related disciplines</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Related_topics"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Related topics</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_graphic_design" title="History of graphic design">History of graphic design</a></div>
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Page from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Kells" title="Book of Kells">Book of Kells</a>: Folio 114v, Decorated text. <i>Tunc dicit illis</i></div>
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While Graphic Design as a discipline has a relatively recent history, with the term "graphic design" first coined by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Addison_Dwiggins" title="William Addison Dwiggins">William Addison Dwiggins</a> in 1922,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> graphic design-like activities span the history of humankind: from the caves of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a>, to Rome's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a> of the Middle Ages, to the dazzling neons of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a>. In both this lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_communication" title="Visual communication">visual communication</a> in the 20th and 21st centuries, there is sometimes a blurring distinction and over-lapping of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> art, graphic design and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a>. After all, they share many of the same elements, theories, principles, practices and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>
art the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In
graphic design, "the essence is to give order to information, form to
ideas, expression and feeling to artifacts that document human
experience."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="The_advent_of_printing">The advent of printing</span></h3>
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Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">History of printing</a></div>
During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynasty" title="Tang Dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a>
(618–907) between the 7th and 9th century AD, wood blocks were cut to
print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts. A Buddhist
scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book. Beginning
in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using
movable type printing making books widely available during the Song
dynasty (960–1279).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Sometime around 1450, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gutenberg" title="Johann Gutenberg">Johann Gutenberg</a>'s printing press made books widely available in Europe. The book design of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldus_Manutius" title="Aldus Manutius">Aldus Manutius</a>
developed the book structure which would become the foundation of
western publication design. This era of graphic design is called <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Humanism" title="Renaissance Humanism">Humanist</a> or Old Style.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Emergence_of_the_design_industry">Emergence of the design industry</span></h3>
In late 19th century Europe, especially in the United Kingdom, the movement began to separate graphic design from fine art.<br />
In 1849, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cole" title="Henry Cole">Henry Cole</a>
became one of the major forces in design education in Great Britain,
informing the government of the importance of design in his <i>Journal of Design and Manufactures</i>. He organized the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Exhibition" title="Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a> as a celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.<br />
From 1891 to 1896, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>' Kelmscott Press published books that are some of the most significant of the graphic design products of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts movement</a>,
and made a very lucrative business of creating books of great stylistic
refinement and selling them to the wealthy for a premium. Morris proved
that a market existed for works of graphic design in their own right
and helped pioneer the separation of design from production and from
fine art. The work of the Kelmscott Press is characterized by its
obsession with historical styles. This historicism was, however,
important as it amounted to the first significant reaction to the stale
state of nineteenth-century graphic design. Morris' work, along with the
rest of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Press" title="Private Press">Private Press</a> movement, directly influenced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> and is indirectly responsible for developments in early twentieth century graphic design in general.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-articlecat1_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-articlecat1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Twentieth_century_design">Twentieth century design</span></h3>
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A Boeing 747 aircraft with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">livery</a> designating it as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a>. The cyan forms, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_flag" title="US flag">US flag</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Seal of the President of the United States">presidential seal</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caslon" title="Caslon">Caslon</a> lettering were all designed at different times and combined by designer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a> in this one final design.</div>
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The name "Graphic Design" first appeared in print in the 1922 essay "New Kind of Printing Calls for New Design" by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Addison_Dwiggins" title="William Addison Dwiggins">William Addison Dwiggins</a>, an American book designer in the early 20th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Raffe's <i>Graphic Design</i>, published in 1927, is considered to be the first book to use "Graphic Design" in its title.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The signage in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> is a classic design example<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> of the modern era and used a typeface designed by Edward Johnston in 1916.<br />
In the 1920s, Soviet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_%28art%29" title="Constructivism (art)">constructivism</a>
applied 'intellectual production' in different spheres of production.
The movement saw individualistic art as useless in revolutionary Russia
and thus moved towards creating objects for utilitarian purposes. They
designed buildings, theater sets, posters, fabrics, clothing, furniture,
logos, menus, etc.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tschichold" title="Jan Tschichold">Jan Tschichold</a> codified the principles of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_typography" title="Modern typography">modern typography</a> in his 1928 book, <i>New Typography</i>. He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book as being fascistic, but it remained very influential.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Tschichold, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> typographers such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Bayer" title="Herbert Bayer">Herbert Bayer</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laszlo_Moholy-Nagy" title="Laszlo Moholy-Nagy">Laszlo Moholy-Nagy</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a> have greatly influenced graphic design as we know it today. They pioneered production techniques<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2011">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
and stylistic devices used throughout the twentieth century. The
following years saw graphic design in the modern style gain widespread
acceptance and application.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup>
A booming post-World War II American economy established a greater need
for graphic design, mainly advertising and packaging. The emigration of
the German <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a>
school of design to Chicago in 1937 brought a "mass-produced"
minimalism to America; sparking a wild fire of "modern" architecture and
design. Notable names in mid-century modern design include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Frutiger" title="Adrian Frutiger">Adrian Frutiger</a>, designer of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frutiger" title="Frutiger">Frutiger</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Rand" title="Paul Rand">Paul Rand</a>,
who, from the late 1930s until his death in 1996, took the principles
of the Bauhaus and applied them to popular advertising and logo design,
helping to create a uniquely American approach to European minimalism
while becoming one of the principal pioneers of the subset of graphic
design known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_identity" title="Corporate identity">corporate identity</a>; and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_M%C3%BCller-Brockmann" title="Josef Müller-Brockmann">Josef Müller-Brockmann</a>, who designed posters in a severe yet accessible manner typical of the 1950s and 1970s era.<br />
The growth of the professional graphic design industry has grown in parallel with the rise of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a>. This has raised some concerns and criticisms, notably from within the graphic design community with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Things_First_1964_manifesto" title="First Things First 1964 manifesto">First Things First manifesto</a>. First launched by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Garland" title="Ken Garland">Ken Garland</a> in 1964, it was re-published as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Things_First_2000_manifesto" title="First Things First 2000 manifesto">First Things First 2000 manifesto</a> in 1999 in the magazine <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigre_%28magazine%29" title="Emigre (magazine)">Emigre</a></i> 51<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup>
stating "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful,
lasting and democratic forms of communication - a mindshift away from
product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new
kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand.
Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other
perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and
resources of design."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Both editions attracted signatures from respected design practitioners and thinkers, for example; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_VanderLans" title="Rudy VanderLans">Rudy VanderLans</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Spiekermann" title="Erik Spiekermann">Erik Spiekermann</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Lupton" title="Ellen Lupton">Ellen Lupton</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Poynor" title="Rick Poynor">Rick Poynor</a>. The 2000 manifesto was also notably published in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adbusters" title="Adbusters">Adbusters</a>, known for its strong critiques of visual culture.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Applications">Applications</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Secretary.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="226" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Secretary.jpg/200px-Secretary.jpg" width="200" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Secretary.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a></div>
</div>
</div>
From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">road signs</a> to technical schematics, from interoffice <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">memorandums</a> to reference <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_guide" title="User guide">manuals</a>, graphic design enhances transfer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> and visual messages. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readability" title="Readability">Readability</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legibility" title="Legibility">legibility</a> is enhanced by improving the visual presentation and layout of text.<br />
Design can also aid in selling a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_%28business%29" title="Product (business)">product</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea" title="Idea">idea</a> through effective visual communication. It is applied to products and elements of company identity like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logos</a>, colors, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">packaging</a>, and text. Together these are defined as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">branding</a> (see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>). Branding has increasingly become important in the range of services offered by many graphic designers, alongside <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_identity" title="Corporate identity">corporate identity</a>.
Whilst the terms are often used interchangeably, branding is more
strictly related to the identifying mark or trade name for a product or
service, whereas corporate identity can have a broader meaning relating
to the structure and ethos of a company, as well as to the company's
external image. Graphic designers will often form part of a team working
on corporate identity and branding projects. Other members of that team
can include marketing professionals, communications consultants and
commercial writers.<br />
Textbooks are designed to present subjects such as geography,
science, and math. These publications have layouts which illustrate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory" title="Theory">theories</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">diagrams</a>. A common example of graphics in use to educate is diagrams of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anatomy" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>.
Graphic design is also applied to layout and formatting of educational
material to make the information more accessible and more readily
understandable.<br />
Graphic design is applied in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a>
industry in decoration, scenery, and visual story telling. Other
examples of design for entertainment purposes include novels, comic
books, DVD covers, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opening_credits" title="Opening credits">opening credits</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_credits" title="Closing credits">closing credits</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>, and programs and props on stage. This could also include artwork used for t-shirts and other items screenprinted for sale.<br />
From scientific journals to news reporting, the presentation of
opinion and facts is often improved with graphics and thoughtful
compositions of visual information - known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">information design</a>.
Newspapers, magazines, blogs, television and film documentaries may use
graphic design to inform and entertain. With the advent of the web, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">information designers</a> with experience in interactive tools such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a> are increasingly being used to illustrate the background to news stories.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Skills">Skills</span></h2>
A graphic design project may involve the stylization and presentation of existing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">text</a> and either preexisting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image" title="Image">imagery</a>
or images developed by the graphic designer. For example, a newspaper
story begins with the journalists and photojournalists and then becomes
the graphic designer's job to organize the page into a reasonable layout
and determine if any other graphic elements should be required. In a
magazine article or advertisement, often the graphic designer or art
director will commission photographers or illustrators to create
original pieces just to be incorporated into the design layout. Or the
designer may utilize stock imagery or photography. Contemporary design
practice has been extended to the modern computer, for example in the
use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> user interfaces, often referred to as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_design" title="Interactive design">interactive design</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> design.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></div>
Before any graphic elements may be applied to a design, the graphic
elements must be originated by means of visual art skills. These
graphics are often (but not always) developed by a graphic designer.
Visual arts include works which are primarily <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual" title="Visual">visual</a> in nature using anything from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_%28arts%29" title="Media (arts)">traditional media</a>, to photography or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_generated" title="Computer generated">computer generated</a> art. Graphic design principles may be applied to each graphic art element individually as well as to the final composition.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Typography">Typography</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a></div>
Typography is the art, craft and techniques of type design, modifying type <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphs" title="Glyphs">glyphs</a>,
and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified
using a variety of illustration techniques. The arrangement of type is
the selection of typefaces, point size, tracking (the space between all
characters used), kerning (the space between two specific characters),
and leading (line spacing).<br />
Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers,
graphic artists, art directors, and clerical workers. Until the Digital
Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up
typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Page_layout">Page layout</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">Page layout</a></div>
The page layout aspect of graphic design deals with the arrangement
of elements (content) on a page, such as image placement, and text
layout and style. Beginning from early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminated" title="Illuminated">illuminated</a> pages in hand-copied books of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>
and proceeding down to intricate modern magazine and catalogue layouts,
structured page design has long been a consideration in printed
material. With print media, elements usually consist of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">type</a> (text), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image" title="Image">images</a> (pictures), and occasionally place-holder graphics for elements that are not printed with ink such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_%28manufacturing%29" title="Die (manufacturing)">die</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">laser cutting</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foil_stamping" title="Foil stamping">foil stamping</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embossing_%28paper%29" title="Embossing (paper)">blind embossing</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Interface_design">Interface design</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></div>
Since the advent of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> and computer software development, many graphic designers have become involved in interface design. This has included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">software design</a>, when <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_user" title="End user">end user</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivity" title="Interactivity">interactivity</a>
is a design consideration of the layout or interface. Combining visual
communication skills with the interactive communication skills of user
interaction and online branding, graphic designers often work with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developer" title="Software developer">software developers</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_developer" title="Web developer">web developers</a> to create both the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_and_feel" title="Look and feel">look and feel</a> of a web site or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_application" title="Software application">software application</a> and enhance the interactive experience of the user or web site visitor. An important aspect of interface design is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">icon design</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="User_experience_design">User experience design</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></div>
Considers how a user interacts with and responds to an interface, service or product and adjusts it accordingly.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Printmaking">Printmaking</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></div>
Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>
and other materials or surfaces. Except in the case of monotyping, the
process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is
called a print. Each piece is not a copy but an original since it is not
a reproduction of another work of art and is technically known as an
impression. Painting or drawing, on the other hand, create a unique
original piece of artwork. Prints are created from a single original
surface, known technically as a matrix. Common types of matrices
include: plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or
etching; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts,
linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing. But there
are many other kinds, discussed below. Works printed from a single plate
create an edition, in modern times usually each signed and numbered to
form a limited edition. Prints may also be published in book form, as
artist's books. A single print could be the product of one or multiple
techniques.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Tools">Tools</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pencils_hb.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pencils_hb.jpg/220px-Pencils_hb.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pencils_hb.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencil</a> is one of the most basic graphic design tools.</div>
</div>
</div>
The mind may be the most important graphic design tool. Aside from technology, graphic design requires <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment" title="Judgment">judgment</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a>. Critical, observational, quantitative and analytic thinking are required for design layouts and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_rendering" title="Artistic rendering">rendering</a>. If the executor is merely following a solution (e.g. sketch, script or instructions) provided by another designer (such as an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art director</a>), then the executor is not usually considered the designer.<br />
The method of presentation (e.g. arrangement, style, medium) may be
equally important to the design. The layout is produced using external <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_%28arts%29" title="Media (arts)">traditional</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_editing" title="Digital image editing">digital image editing</a> tools. The appropriate development and presentation tools can substantially change how an audience perceives a project.<br />
In the mid 1980s, the arrival of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_art_software" title="Graphic art software">graphic art software applications</a>
introduced a generation of designers to computer image manipulation and
creation that had previously been manually executed. Computer graphic
design enabled designers to instantly see the effects of layout or
typographic changes, and to simulate the effects of traditional media
without requiring a lot of space. However, traditional tools such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencils</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_pen" title="Marker pen">markers</a>
are useful even when computers are used for finalization; a designer or
art director may hand sketch numerous concepts as part of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_process" title="Creative process">creative process</a>.
Some of these sketches may even be shown to a client for early stage
approval, before the designer develops the idea further using a computer
and graphic design software tools.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">Computers</a> are considered an indispensable tool in the graphic design industry. Computers and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_application" title="Software application">software applications</a> are generally seen by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_professional" title="Creative professional">creative professionals</a> as more effective production <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">tools</a> than traditional methods. However, some designers continue to use manual and traditional tools for production, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Glaser" title="Milton Glaser">Milton Glaser</a>.<br />
New ideas can come by way of experimenting with tools and methods. Some designers explore ideas using pencil and paper.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup>
Others use many different mark-making tools and resources from
computers to sculpture as a means of inspiring creativity. One of the
key features of graphic design is that it makes a tool out of
appropriate image selection in order to possibly convey meaning.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Computers_and_the_creative_process">Computers and the creative process</span></h3>
There is some debate whether computers enhance the creative process of graphic design.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup>
Rapid production from the computer allows many designers to explore
multiple ideas quickly with more detail than what could be achieved by
traditional hand-rendering or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paste_up" title="Paste up">paste-up</a> on paper, moving the designer through the creative process more quickly.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>
However, being faced with limitless choices does not help isolate the
best design solution and can lead to endless iterations with no clear
design outcome.<br />
A graphic designer may use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch_%28drawing%29" title="Sketch (drawing)">sketches</a> to explore multiple or complex ideas quickly<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> without the distractions and complications of software.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hand-rendered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">comps</a>
are often used to get approval for an idea execution before a designer
invests time to produce finished visuals on a computer or in paste-up.
The same <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumbnail" title="Thumbnail">thumbnail</a>
sketches or rough drafts on paper may be used to rapidly refine and
produce the idea on the computer in a hybrid process. This hybrid
process is especially useful in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a> design<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> where a software <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve" title="Learning curve">learning curve</a>
may detract from a creative thought process. The
traditional-design/computer-production hybrid process may be used for
freeing one's creativity in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">page layout</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_development_%28visual_arts%29" title="Image development (visual arts)">image development</a> as well.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2007">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the early days of computer publishing, many "traditional" graphic designers relied on computer-savvy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_artist" title="Production artist">production artists</a>
to produce their ideas from sketches, without needing to learn the
computer skills themselves. However, this practice has been increasingly
less common since the advent of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> over 30 years ago. The use of computers and graphics software is now taught in most graphic design courses.<br />
Nearly all of the popular and "industry standard" software programs
used for graphic design since the early 1990s are products of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systems" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> Incorporated. They are Adobe <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoshop" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a> (a raster-based program for photo editing), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Adobe Illustrator</a> (a vector-based program for drawing), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a> (a page layout program), and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Dreamweaver" title="Adobe Dreamweaver">Adobe Dreamweaver</a> (for Web page design). Another major page layout tool is <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuarkXpress" title="QuarkXpress">QuarkXpress</a> (a product of Quark, Inc., a separate company from Adobe). Both <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuarkXpress" title="QuarkXpress">QuarkXpress</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a>
are often used in the final stage of the electronic design process.
Raster images may have been edited in Adobe Photoshop, logos and
illustrations in Adobe Illustrator, and the final product assembled in
one of the major page layout programs. Most graphic designers entering
the field since about 1990 are expected to be proficient in at least one
or two of these programs.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Occupations">Occupations</span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design_occupations" title="Graphic design occupations">Graphic design occupations</a></div>
Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative spectrum</a>
and often overlap. The main job responsibility of a Graphic Designer is
the arrangement of visual elements in some type of media. The main job
titles within the industry can vary and are often country specific. They
can include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_designer" title="Graphic designer">graphic designer</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art director</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_director" title="Creative director">creative director</a>, and the entry level <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_artist" title="Production artist">production artist</a>. Depending on the industry served, the responsibilities may have different titles such as "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTP_associate" title="DTP associate">DTP Associate</a>" or "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_Artist" title="Graphic Artist">Graphic Artist</a>",
but despite changes in title, graphic design principles remain
consistent. The responsibilities may come from, or lead to, specialized
skills such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustration</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_design" title="Interactive design">interactive design</a>.
Today's graduating graphic design students are normally exposed to all
of these areas of graphic design and urged to become familiar with all
of them as well in order to be competitive.<br />
Graphic designers can work in a variety of environments. Whilst many
will work within companies devoted specifically to the industry, such as
design consultancies or branding agencies, others may work within
publishing, marketing or other communications companies. Increasingly,
especially since the introduction of personal computers to the industry,
many graphic designers have found themselves working within non-design
oriented organizations, as in-house designers. Graphic designers may
also work as free-lance designers, working on their own terms, prices,
ideas, etc.<br />
A graphic designer reports to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art director</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_director" title="Creative director">creative director</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_media_creative" title="Senior media creative">senior media creative</a>.
As a designer becomes more senior, they may spend less time designing
media and more time leading and directing other designers on broader
creative activities, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> development and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_identity" title="Corporate identity">corporate identity</a> development. They are often expected to interact more directly with clients, for example taking and interpreting briefs.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-62904833065615264542013-03-11T03:01:00.003-07:002013-03-11T03:01:42.350-07:00Busana ala IVAN GUNAWAN <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Wedding Romance Week, Jogjakarta: Ivan Gunawan Fashion Show</h1>
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The designer: Ivan Gunawan at Grand Pacific Hall, Jogjakarta </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-VcfDqZMbLJk/T6noqgsi7BI/AAAAAAAAE-0/4rJWDwwl8as/s640/3191%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-6oZ6YNx5CVw/T6noyW-hvSI/AAAAAAAAE_I/Sl73EaZsaUI/s640/3222%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="381" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-5-iIdruuJfc/T6no9gpse6I/AAAAAAAAE_o/PSWgUweuRTo/s640/3248%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding ROmance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WgXl_V_dv54/T6npAuDUjoI/AAAAAAAAE_0/eKP_UN8DWdU/s640/3252%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="400" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-t94JG7BAMS4/T6npAvfOvqI/AAAAAAAAE_w/BbovQq_aLJQ/s800/3265%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="600" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-VUwqX3AwSkc/T6npIlOiyMI/AAAAAAAAFAI/L5U_Kd1I5zg/s640/3289%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ABwM0AGnPP8/T6npZC3kWZI/AAAAAAAAFAw/ayTCXAnHkSE/s640/3315%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--OzzGUNLPEo/T6npk_VzE0I/AAAAAAAAFBQ/XGTHj_V0JTw/s640/3335%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-_-7W3Qae18Q/T6npn65vl_I/AAAAAAAAFBc/rz3vx581fqs/s640/3344%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-kymbLTt4R-s/T6npww7nM0I/AAAAAAAAFB0/sFSrj375dmA/s640/3366%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
</div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-0wimoaC68ck/T6np3OVP1ZI/AAAAAAAAFCA/hGuUSrRyJJU/s640/3376%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="400" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-NboOqjhE4oc/T6np45SZO-I/AAAAAAAAFCI/5SNwwxU4ceY/s800/3386%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="600" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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<img alt="" class=" " height="575" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-SD4CbYgmyOI/T6np6NFdKAI/AAAAAAAAFCM/Cew0rIAPoyk/s640/3387%2520blog1.jpg" title="Wedding Romance Week_Ivan Gunawan_Jogjakarta" width="384" /><div class="autoImageCaption">
Ivan Gunawan </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-30603918991489396722013-03-11T03:01:00.000-07:002013-03-11T03:01:04.050-07:00Designer’s Diary (an Anthology)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2>
<a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/designers-diary-an-anthology/" title="Designer’s Diary (an Anthology)">Designer’s Diary (an Anthology)</a></h2>
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<br /> <br />
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Memasuki usianya yang ke-4 Maret ini, mulai tanggal 31 Maret 2011 DGI meluncurkan sebuah rubrik baru yang diberi nama “<a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/category/designers-diary/">Designer’s Diary</a>“.
Rubrik ini berisi ‘catatan-catatan’ yang dilakukan oleh desainer
Indonesia (termasuk artis, penulis/pengamat kesenian dan kebudayaan)
yang sedang melakukan perjalanan ke suatu tempat, di dalam atau di luar
Indonesia, yang memiliki tendensi reflektif. Desainer Indonesia dan
teman-teman kreatif lainnya diundang untuk berbagi pengalaman dengan
mengisi rubrik ini, bentuknya bisa berupa teks, sketsa, foto, puisi
bahkan bisa berupa proyek yang sedang dilakukan di tempat tersebut,
pokoknya apa saja. Bahkan seandainya itu adalah perjalanan spiritual!
Apa pun itu, tiap pengalaman refelektif anda pasti akan berubah menjadi
pesan-pesan inspiratif bagi banyak pembacanya.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Mari kita ramaikan rubrik ini tapi
sebelumnya harap menghubungi redaksi DGI di mail@DGI-Indonesia.com untuk
berkoordinasi mengenai jadwal dan teknis penayangannya di situs DGI.
Terima kasih dan selamat bertukar inspirasi!</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Redaksi <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/">DGI-Indonesia.com</a></div>
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<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Dan untuk pertama kalinya rubrik “Designer’s Diary” ini akan diisi oleh duo desainer grafis yang juga suami isteri <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/irwan-ahmett/">Irwan Ahmett</a></strong> dan <strong>Tita Salina</strong>.
Keduanya berangkat pada tanggal 31 Maret 2011 malam untuk memulai
perjalanan global mereka –start menuju ke Dubai dan lanjut ke Amsterdam
sebagai kota persinggahan pertama mereka– yang kisah-kisah menariknya
bisa diikuti di DGI sejak hari ini dan seterusnya dengan nama “<a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/global-nomaden/">Global Nomaden</a>“. Selamat jalan Iwang dan Tita. Tuhan beserta kalian selalu.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Silakan klik untuk mengikuti perjalanan reflektif Irwan Ahmett dan Tita Salina >> <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/global-nomaden/">Global Nomaden</a></strong></div>
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<dl class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_25502" style="width: 570px;">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/irwan-ahmett-tita-salina.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="irwan ahmett tita salina"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-25502" height="381" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/irwan-ahmett-tita-salina-560x381.jpg" title="irwan ahmett tita salina" width="560" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Irwan Ahmett dan Tita Salina. Photo by Lans Brahmantyo</dd></dl>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Pada bulan Januari 2011, desainer grafis <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/arief-ayip-budiman/">Arief ‘Ayip’ Budiman</a></strong> berkesempatan mengunjungi Hong Kong. Berikut adalah kisahnya >> <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/hong-kong-trip/">Hong Kong Trip</a></strong></div>
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<dl class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_25796" style="width: 570px;">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Goods-Of-Desires-G.O.D.-3.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="Goods Of Desires (G.O.D.) 3"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-25796" height="372" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Goods-Of-Desires-G.O.D.-3-560x372.jpg" title="Goods Of Desires (G.O.D.) 3" width="560" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Douglas Young, pendiri dan aktor intelektual Goods Of Desires (G.O.D.) dan Arief ‘Ayip’ Budiman</dd></dl>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Pada tanggal 26 Februari 2011, desainer grafis <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/arief-ayip-budiman/">Arief ‘Ayip’ Budiman</a></strong> melakukan kunjungan kultural ke Lasem di pesisir utara Jawa Tengah. Berikut adalah rekam jejaknya >> <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/perjalanan-lasem-1-sehari-kenali-peranakan-lasem/" title="Perjalanan Lasem 1: Sehari Kenali Peranakan Lasem">Perjalanan Lasem 1: Sehari Kenali Peranakan Lasem</a></strong></div>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Pintu-Rumah-Lasem.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="Pintu Rumah Lasem"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-25864" height="746" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Pintu-Rumah-Lasem-560x746.jpg" title="Pintu Rumah Lasem" width="560" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Pintu Rumah Lasem</dd></dl>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Dan masih pada hari yang sama, 26 Februari 2011, kunjungan desainer <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/arief-ayip-budiman/">Arief ‘Ayip’ Budiman</a></strong> di lanjutkan ke rumah Wiji Soeharto (Sie Hoo Tjauw) pengusaha batik Lasem dengan merk “Padi Boeloe” >> <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/perjalanan-lasem-2-semangat-wiji-soeharto-untuk-lasem/" title="Perjalanan Lasem 2: Semangat Wiji Soeharto untuk Lasem">Perjalanan Lasem 2: Semangat Wiji Soeharto untuk Lasem</a></strong></div>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Wiji-Soeharto1.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="Wiji-Soeharto1"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-25935" height="839" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Wiji-Soeharto1-560x839.jpg" title="Wiji-Soeharto1" width="560" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Wiji Soeharto</dd></dl>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2011. Penulis, peminat studi kesenian dan kebudayaan, <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/roy-thaniago/" title="Roy Thaniago">Roy Thaniago</a> </strong>dalam upacara perkawinan masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn >> <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/kawin-mawin-kita-bandeng-siraman-dan-doa/" title="Kawin Mawin Kita: Bandeng, Siraman, dan Doa">Kawin Mawin Kita: Bandeng, Siraman, dan Doa</a></strong></div>
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<dl class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_27675" style="width: 570px;">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/upcr-nyangahatn-manta31.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="SONY DSC"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-27675" height="373" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/upcr-nyangahatn-manta31-560x373.jpg" title="SONY DSC" width="560" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Upacara perkawinan masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn</dd></dl>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2010. Setelah hampir dua tahun membina rumah tangga, akhirnya dua desainer grafis, <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/pritha-ayodya/">Pritha Ayodya</a> dan <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/nova-dhana-santosa/">Nova Dhana Santosa</a>
berhasil meninggalkan pekerjaan rutinnya (tetapi yang juga dicintainya)
di studio desain yang mereka kelola berdua, Artmedium @ Jakarta, dan
melaksanakan keinginannya berjalan-jalan ke Eropa –sekalian berbulan
madu. Di sini mereka berbagi pengalaman, dalam <strong><a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/honeymoon-traveller-section-1/" title="Honeymoon Traveller – Section 1">“Honeymoon Traveller – Section 1″</a></strong>, bagian pertama perjalanan mereka di Eropa (kali ini di Belanda). Semoga bermanfaat.</div>
<div class="mceTemp mceIEcenter" style="text-align: left;">
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_28145" style="width: 570px;">
<a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/IMG_93761.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="IMG_9376"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-28145" height="841" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/IMG_93761.jpg" title="IMG_9376" width="560" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Suasana pembuatan iklan promosi I Amsterdam @ Damrak. Amsterdam 2010</div>
</div>
<img alt="" class="alignleft" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /><br />
Perjalanan dengan kapal selama berhari-hari akan dialami oleh
keluarga Esjepe (Iwan, Indah dan Ikyu Esjepe) mengunjungi dua titik
ujung terbarat dan tertimur Indonesia, Sabang dan Merauke.<br />
Iwan dan Ikyu berangkat lebih dulu, 17 Juni 2011 menuju Belawan,
Medan, sementara Indah menyusul dan bertemu keduanya di Banda Aceh pada
tanggal 19. Dari Banda Aceh mereka ke pulau Weh sebelum kemudian tinggal
selama beberapa hari di Sabang. Dari Sabang kembali ke Banda Aceh,
kemudian ke Jakarta dan Surabaya, yang kemudian dilanjutkan ke Merauke
dengan KM Kelimutu. Perjalanan akan memakan waktu sekitar 12 hari,
singgah di kota-kota seperti Benoa, Bima, Makasar, Bau-bau, Wanci,
Ambon, Banda, Samlaki, Tual, Dobo, Timika, Agats sebelum akhirnya tiba
di Merauke, di kaki Papua. Ketiganya akan tinggal di Merauke hingga 14
Juli dan kemudian kembali ke Jakarta dengan pesawat terbang.<br />
Mulai hari ini, kita semua bisa mengikuti kisah unik dan seru perjalanan mereka ini pada artikel <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/kunjung-2-ujung/">“Kunjung 2 Ujung”</a>.<br />
Selamat jalan Iwinik, dari ujung ke ujung. Semoga perjalanan lancar dan menyenangkan serta kembali ke rumah dengan selamat.<br />
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_28200" style="width: 570px;">
<a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/K2U-Iwinik.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-25371];player=img;" title="K2U Iwinik"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-28200" height="397" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/K2U-Iwinik-560x397.jpg" title="K2U Iwinik" width="560" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Iwan, Indah dan Ikyu Esjepe (Iwinik)</div>
</div>
<img alt="" height="20" src="http://www.dgi-indonesia.com/dots.png" title="dots" width="560" /><br />
<em>“Walau banyak promosi komersial lainnya, tapi bagian lorong satu
ini tidak pernah dilupakan. Sungguh menarik, dan sungguh negara ini
sangat menghargai sejarah bangsanya sendiri.”</em><br />
Kisah perjalanan ke Eropa dari dua desainer grafis yang juga suami isteri, <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/pritha-ayodya/">Pritha Ayodya</a> dan <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/nova-dhana-santosa/">Nova Dhana Santosa</a> pada <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/honeymoon-traveller-section-1/" title="Honeymoon Traveller – Section 1">“Honeymoon Traveller – Section 1″</a>, berlanjut dengan “Honeymoon Traveller – Section 2″ yang merupakan rangkuman perjalanan mereka selama berada di Inggris. <em></em><br />
Selamat menikmati! » <a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/honeymoon-traveller-section-2/" title="Honeymoon Traveller – Section 2">Honeymoon Traveller – Section 2</a><br />
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38547" style="width: 570px;">
<a href="http://dgi-indonesia.com/honeymoon-traveller-section-2/honeymoon-traveller-2-30/" rel="attachment wp-att-38547" title="Honeymoon-Traveller-2-30"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-38547" height="372" src="http://dgi-indonesia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Honeymoon-Traveller-2-30-560x372.gif" title="Honeymoon-Traveller-2-30" width="560" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Sejarah Inggris digambarkan pada salah satu lorong di kota London</div>
</div>
</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-5997326539523112242013-03-11T02:55:00.002-07:002013-03-11T02:55:34.838-07:00How to become a fashion designer<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="bold" style="color: black; font-size: 23px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.1; text-transform: uppercase;">How to become a fashion designer</span>
<br />
<a href="http://www.fashion.net/howto" target="_top"><span class="roman" style="color: grey; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.1; text-transform: uppercase;">From the "How to get a job in fashion" series</span></a>
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<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
You know you're destined to be a fashion designer if you:<br />
spent most of your childhood making clothes for your Barbie dolls instead of playing with your friends;<br />
read fashion magazines instead of your school books;<br />
ran a boutique out of your basement at age 10.
</span>
<br /><br />
<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
In other words: if you want to be the next Yves Saint Laurent, it helps to be completely and utterly obsessed with fashion.
<br /><br />
However, there are many aspects of the profession. Working as a fashion
designer can just as well mean supervising a design team at a sportswear
company as producing a label under your own name. Although the former
career may not seem as glamorous as the latter, it certainly will make
your life less stressful. To create your own label takes a lot of time,
dedication and hard work. Not to mention living just above the poverty
line for several years.
</span>
<br /><br />
<span class="bold" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px; text-transform: uppercase;">
Choosing a strategy
</span>
<br />
<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
There are as many different ways to embark upon a fashion career as
there are styles of design. Ralph Lauren's Polo empire was founded on a
small tie collection that he sold to Bloomingdales. Helmut Lang decided
to open his own clothing store when he couldn't find a t-shirt that he
liked. Michael Kors built up a network of customers by selling clothes
in a trendy NYC boutique. However, most people find that the best
foundation for a design career is to get a fine arts degree in fashion
at a prestigious school. Besides teaching you the craft, a good school
will also add credibility to your resumé. "We live in a brandname
society, and having the name of a good school behind you really does
help," says Carol Mongo, Director of the Fashion Department at Parsons
School of Design in Paris.
</span>
<br /><br />
<span class="bold" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px; text-transform: uppercase;">
Applying to a school
</span>
<br />
<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
There are a lot of colleges that have fashion programs, but only a
handful has the kind of reputation that can really push your career.
(See separate listings for addresses and web sites.) It's hard to enter
these schools as competition is high, and they tend to be very
selective. You apply by sending a portfolio of drawings of your designs.
"We can't teach you how to be creative -- you have to bring your
creativity to us and let us lead you on your way," says Carol Mongo. She
recommends students to get some sewing experience before they apply.
Drawing is also an important skill for a designer -- it is the way you
communicate your ideas. In order to build an impressive portfolio it's a
good idea to have some experience in sketching; taking art classes will
help you understand form and proportion. But you don't have to be an
expert drawer to get accepted to a school. "The most important quality
that we look for in our students is that they are truly passionate and
exuberant about fashion," says Mongo. "If you have wonderful ideas but
can't draw, there are always ways to get around it. You could for
example put your designs on a mannequin and take pictures of it."
</span>
<br /><br />
<span class="bold" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px; text-transform: uppercase;">
What school will do for you
</span>
<br />
<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
Most fashion programs are three to four years long. During that time you
will take fine arts classes and study drawing, color composition and
form. You will also learn pattern making, draping and cutting
techniques. One of the most important advantages of design schools is
that they work really closely with the industry. Parsons, for example,
have "designer critic projects" where successful designers like Donna
Karan and Michael Kors work directly with the graduating students.
Ambitious students also have the chance to win prestigious awards and
grants, which bring them a lot of attention as well as financial
support. One very important event is the fashion show at the end of the
last semester, when graduating students show their collections. A lot of
important people from the fashion industry attend these shows to scout
new talent. It's also an opportunity to be really outrageous and get
noticed by the media. Hussein Chalayan, for example, became instantly
infamous when he showed rotting clothes that he had buried in his
backyard for his graduation show at Saint Martins.
</span>
<br /><br />
<span class="bold" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px; text-transform: uppercase;">
Alternative routes
</span>
<br />
<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
"Let's be realistic," says Carol Mongo at Parsons, "School's not for
everyone. If you're just looking to get a job in the fashion industry --
not a career as a designer -- you probably don't need to go school." If
you want to work as a seamstress or a patternmaker, the best thing is
probably to apply for an internship at a fashion house and work your way
up. However, there are many examples of famous designers who started
out as interns with no formal training. For example, Dior's brightest
new star, men's wear designer Hedi Slimane, had a degree in journalism
when he started working with men's wear designer José Levy. Balenciaga's
Nicolas Ghesquière is another example of a brilliantly successful
designer who learned the jobs hands-on, as an assistant at Jean-Paul
Gaultier. Usually, you apply for an internship by sending a portfolio to
a fashion house you're interested in. But it's a good idea to call them
up beforehand to see exactly what they need. It's also important to
note that competition is fierce, and unless you have personal
connections, it's very difficult to get an internship without an
education.
There are also designers, like Luella Bartley, who started their own
business after working as stylists for several years, thus building an
industry network as well as a good marketing sense.
</span>
<br /><br />
<span class="bold" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px; text-transform: uppercase;">
Understanding the business
</span>
<br />
<span class="roman" style="color: black; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 7px;">
Unfortunately, it's not enough for a designer to be creative; you also
have to have some business sense. As fashion gets more and more
corporate driven, it's important to be aware of the business climate and
understanding the mechanics behind it. By religiously reading trade
papers like "Women's Wear Daily" you will get a lot of valuable
information. If you want to run your own company, you need to be
extremely organized and learn at least the basics of economics. A lot of
fashion schools are currently increasing business classes in their
curriculum. "Our students have to be smart enough to know how to
negotiate a contract, or to pick a business partner," says Carol Mongo.
It's perhaps telling that many of the designers that are really
successful today, like Calvin Klein or Tom Ford, are involved in every
aspect of the business -- from licensing strategies to ad campaigns to
actually designing the clothes.
</span>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-67711126074223780372013-03-11T02:54:00.003-07:002013-03-11T02:54:34.061-07:00Fashion design<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<span dir="auto">Fashion design</span></h1>
<br /><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes"><tbody>
<tr><td class="mbox-image"><br /></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span"><small><i></i></small> </span></td>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Finale_02.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="186" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Finale_02.JPG/280px-Finale_02.JPG" width="280" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Finale_02.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Finale of fashion show, 2009</div>
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</div>
<b>Fashion design</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> of the application of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> or natural beauty to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">accessories</a>.
Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has
varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways
in designing clothing and accessories. Some work alone or as part of a
team. They attempt to satisfy consumer desire for aesthetically designed
clothing; and, because of the time required to bring a garment onto the
market, must at times <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_forecasting" title="Fashion forecasting">anticipate changing consumer tastes</a>.<br />
Fashion designers attempt to design <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothes" title="Clothes">clothes</a>
which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must
consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it
will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to
work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose
from. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow
range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for
special occasions, such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening_wear" title="Evening wear">evening wear</a> or party <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">dresses</a>.<br />
Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bespoke" title="Bespoke">bespoke tailoring</a>. Today, most clothing is designed for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_market" title="Mass market">mass market</a>, especially casual and every-day wear.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Structure"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Designing_a_garment"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Designing a garment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Types_of_fashion"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Types of fashion</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Haute_couture"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Haute couture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Ready-to-wear_.28pret-a-porter.29"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Mass_market"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mass market</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Income"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Income</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#USA"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">USA</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Fashion_education"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Fashion education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Areas_of_Fashion_Design"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Areas of Fashion Design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Star_system"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Star system</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#World_fashion_industry"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">World fashion industry</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#American_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">American fashion design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#British_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">British fashion design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#French_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">French fashion design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Italian_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Italian fashion design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Swiss_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Swiss fashion design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Japanese_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.6</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese fashion design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Soviet_fashion_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.7</span> <span class="toctext">Soviet fashion design</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#The_New_Economic_Policy_.281920s.29"><span class="tocnumber">9.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">The New Economic Policy (1920s)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Stalin_Era_.281930s-1950s.29"><span class="tocnumber">9.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Stalin Era (1930s-1950s)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Khrushchev_Era_.281950s-1960s.29"><span class="tocnumber">9.7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Khrushchev Era (1950s-1960s)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Brezhnev_Era_.281970s-1980s.29"><span class="tocnumber">9.7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Brezhnev Era (1970s-1980s)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Gorbachev_Era_.281980s.29"><span class="tocnumber">9.7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Gorbachev Era (1980s)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Fashion_design_terms"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Fashion design terms</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Structure</span></h2>
Fashion designers can work in a number of many ways. Fashion
designers may work full-time for one fashion as 'in-house designers'<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> which owns the designs. They may work alone or as part of a team. Freelance designers work for themselves,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>
selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to
clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label. Some
fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are
marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for
individual clients. Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty
stores or high-fashion department stores. These designers create
original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion
trends. Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers,
creating designs of men’s, women’s, and children’s fashions for the
mass market. Large designer brands which have a 'name' as their brand
such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tween_Brands" title="Tween Brands">Justice</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juicy_Couture" title="Juicy Couture">Juicy</a> are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the direction of a designer director.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Designing_a_garment">Designing a garment</span></h2>
Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on
paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. When a designer is
completely satisfied with the fit of the <i>toile</i> (or muslin), he or
she will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the
finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a
computerized system. The pattern maker's job is very precise and
painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy.
Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure
it is an operational outfit. Myriam Chalek, owner and founder of
Creative Business House explains that most of the time fashion designers
only have a fashion concept; the technicality and construction is not
thought through during the visual conception and sketching process.
Hence, the fashion designer needs to meet with a pattern maker and
sample maker to figure out if the sketch on paper can be brought to life
according its vision.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="224" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg/300px-Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg" width="300" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Ch%C3%A9ruit" title="Madeleine Chéruit">Chéruit</a> salon on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a> in Paris, 1910</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_fashion_design" title="History of fashion design">History of fashion design</a></div>
Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth" title="Charles Frederick Worth">Charles Frederick Worth</a> who was the first designer to have his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label" title="Label">label</a> sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draper" title="Draper">draper</a> set up his <i>maison couture</i> (fashion house) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>,
clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous
seamstresses, and high fashion descended from that worn at royal courts.
Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers
what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier
dressmakers had done. The term <i>couturier</i> was in fact first
created in order to describe him. While all articles of clothing from
any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only
clothing created after 1858 could be considered as fashion design.<br />
It was during this period that many design houses began to hire
artists to sketch or paint designs for garments. The images were shown
to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample
garment in the workroom. If the client liked their design, they ordered
it and the resulting garment made money for the house. Thus, the
tradition of designers sketching out garment designs instead of
presenting completed garments on models to customers began as an
economy.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_fashion">Types of fashion</span></h2>
The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main
categories, although these may be split up into additional, more
specific categories:<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Haute_couture">Haute couture</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">Haute couture</a></div>
Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a> basis (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>
for high-sewing), with each garment being created for a specific
client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer,
and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with
extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming,
hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of
materials and the time it takes to make.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Ready-to-wear_.28pret-a-porter.29">Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">Ready-to-wear</a></div>
Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass
market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is
taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small
quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Week" title="Fashion Week">Fashion Week</a>. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Week" title="Fashion Week">Fashion Week</a> include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim and bridal.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Mass_market">Mass market</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_market" title="Mass market">Mass market</a></div>
Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. The
mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing
ready-to-wear garments using trends set by the famous names in fashion.
They often wait around a season to make sure a style is going to catch
on before producing their own versions of the original look. In order to
save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production
techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can
therefore be sold much more cheaply.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
There is a type of design called "kutch" design originated from the
German word "kitschig" meaning "ugly" or "not aesthetically pleasing." <i>Kitsch</i> can also refer to "wearing or displaying something that is therefore no longer in fashion."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Often, high-waisted trousers, associated with the 1980s, are considered a "kitsch" fashion statement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Income">Income</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="USA">USA</span></h3>
<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image">
<div style="width: 52px;">
<img alt="Globe icon." height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" width="48" /></div>
</td>
<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>may not represent a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit">improve this article</a> and discuss the issue on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fashion_design" title="Talk:Fashion design">talk page</a>.</span> <small><i>(December 2010)</i></small> </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Median annual wages for salaried fashion designers were $64,690 in
May 2011. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,700, and the
highest 10 percent earned more than $127,820. Median annual earnings
were $72,450 in apparel, piece goods, and notions - the industry
employing the largest numbers of fashion designers. Fashion designers
employed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">motion picture and video industries</a> have the highest average salary, at $101,040 per year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Fashion_education">Fashion education</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fashionclass3.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="167" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Fashionclass3.jpg/250px-Fashionclass3.jpg" width="250" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fashionclass3.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
A classroom filled with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machines</a> and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dressform&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dressform (page does not exist)">Dressforms</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UTEvoFash.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="329" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UTEvoFash.jpg/220px-UTEvoFash.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UTEvoFash.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
A student <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_show" title="Fashion show">fashion show</a>, 2007</div>
</div>
</div>
There are no formal educational requirements to become a fashion designer. A few fashion designers, such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier" title="Jean-Paul Gaultier">Jean-Paul Gaultier</a>, began as assistants to other, already established fashion designers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
There are a number of well known specialized art schools and design
schools worldwide that offer degrees in fashion design and fashion
design technology. Some colleges also offer Masters of Fashion courses.
Though it is not a requirement to have a Masters level degree, it is
recommended by those already working in the industry to study at this
level.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The most notable design schools in the world include:<br />
<ul>
<li>Milan
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_Marangoni" title="Istituto Marangoni">Istituto Marangoni</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus_Academy" title="Domus Academy">Domus Academy</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politecnico_of_Milan" title="Politecnico of Milan">Politecnico of Milan</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABA_-_Nuova_Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_Milano" title="NABA - Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano">NABA - Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_Europeo_di_Design" title="Istituto Europeo di Design">Istituto Europeo di Design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Italy
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Iuav_of_Venice" title="University Iuav of Venice">University Iuav of Venice</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polimoda" title="Polimoda">Polimoda</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>London
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_Marangoni" title="Istituto Marangoni">Istituto Marangoni</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion" title="London College of Fashion">London College of Fashion</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design">Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravensbourne_%28College%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ravensbourne (College) (page does not exist)">Ravensbourne (College)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">University of Westminster</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston University</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>England
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">University of Brighton</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort University</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>France
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFA_Paris" title="IFA Paris">IFA Paris</a></li>
<li>Mod’Art</li>
<li>Esmod</li>
<li>the Fashion Federation PARIS</li>
<li>Parsons Paris</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Scotland
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Ireland
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="Limerick School of Art and Design">Limerick School of Art and Design</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="National College of Art and Design">National College of Art and Design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Romania
<ul>
<li><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UNArte&action=edit&redlink=1" title="UNArte (page does not exist)">UNArte</a> in Bucharest, Romania.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Belgium
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_%28Antwerp%29" title="Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp)">Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Bulgaria
<ul>
<li>New Bulgarian University</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>U.S.
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University" title="Academy of Art University">Academy of Art University</a> in San Francisco, California</li>
<li>Academy of Couture Art in Los Angeles, California</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_College_Chicago" title="Columbia College Chicago">Columbia College Chicago</a> in Chicago, Illinois</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology" title="Fashion Institute of Technology">Fashion Institute of Technology</a> in New York City, New York</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising" title="Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising">Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising</a> in Los Angeles, California</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27More_College_of_Design" title="O'More College of Design">O'More College of Design</a> in Franklin, Tennessee</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_College_of_Art_%26_Design" title="Otis College of Art & Design">Otis College of Art & Design</a> in Los Angeles, California</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsons_The_New_School_for_Design" title="Parsons The New School for Design">Parsons The New School for Design</a> in New York City, New York</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_University" title="Philadelphia University">Philadelphia University</a> in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a> in New York City, New York</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Savannah College of Art and Design">Savannah College of Art and Design</a> in Savannah, Georgia</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="School of the Art Institute of Chicago">School of the Art Institute of Chicago</a> in Chicago, Illinois</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a> in Richmond, Virginia</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbury_University" title="Woodbury University">Woodbury University</a> in Burbank, California</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Ethiopia
<ul>
<li>Bahir Dar University, Technology for Textile, Garment and Fashion Design(IoTEX)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Elsewhere in the world, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">National Institute of Fashion Technology</a> in India, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih_Chien_University" title="Shih Chien University">Shih Chien University</a> in Hong Kong, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMIT_University" title="RMIT University">RMIT University</a> in Melbourne, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu_Jen_Catholic_University" title="Fu Jen Catholic University">Fu Jen Catholic University</a> in Taiwan and the Asian University chain, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_College_of_Design_and_Commerce" title="Raffles College of Design and Commerce">Raffles College of Design and Commerce</a>, all have reputable fashion design courses.<br />
There are many universities that offer fashion design throughout the
United States, usually within the context of a general liberal arts
degree. The major concentration incorporating fashion design may have
alternative names like Apparel and Textiles or Apparel and Textile
Design, and may be housed in departments such as Art and Art History, or
Family and Consumer Studies. Some schools, such as Parsons, offer a
major in Fashion Management, combining fashion education with business
courses.<br />
The only <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> University having a Fashion Design undergraduate program is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a>,
a program offered by the department of Fiber Science & Apparel
Design. Cornell also offers a PhD program in apparel design.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
An updated list of fashion design masters and PhD programs can be found at ITAA.org.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>
The programs are intended to address the needs of academia, industry,
and research by considering apparel design as an applied science that
embraces design, technology, physical sciences, the humanities, and
social sciences in order to meet the human needs for clothing.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Areas_of_Fashion_Design">Areas of Fashion Design</span></h2>
<table class="wiki table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th width="200">Area</th>
<th width="200">Brief</th>
<th width="200">Market</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Women's Day wear</td>
<td>Practical, comfortable, fashionable</td>
<td>Haute couture, ready-to wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Women's Evening wear</td>
<td>Glamorous, sophisticated, suited for the occasion</td>
<td>Haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Women's Lingerie</td>
<td>Glamorous, comfortable, washable</td>
<td>Haute Couture, ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Men's Day wear</td>
<td>Casual, practical, comfortable</td>
<td>Tailoring, ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Men's Evening wear</td>
<td>Smart, elegant, formal, apt for the occasion</td>
<td>Tailoring, ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kids' wear</td>
<td>Trendy or Classy, practical, washable, functional</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Girls' Wear</td>
<td>Pretty, colorful, practical, washable, inexpensive</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Teenager Girl Wear</td>
<td>Colorful, comfortable, glamorous, pretty</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jeanswear</td>
<td>Unisex, democratic, comfortable, practical, functional</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sportswear</td>
<td>Comfortable, practical, well-ventilated, washable, functional</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Knitwear</td>
<td>Right weight and color for the season</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Outerwear</td>
<td>Stylish, warm, right weight and color for the season</td>
<td>Ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bridal wear</td>
<td>Sumptuous, glamorous, classic</td>
<td>Haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accessories</td>
<td>Striking, fashionable</td>
<td>Haute couture, ready to-wear, mass market</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Star_system">Star system</span></h2>
Designers work within a hierarchical system.<br />
"The designers are most stratified in the French system of fashion
[...] Fashion ensures the functioning of a system of dominant and
subordinate positions within a social order. Fashion is ideological in
that it is also part of the process in which particular social groups,
in this case elite designers, establish, sustain and reproduce positions
of power and relations of dominance and subordination. The positions of
dominance and subordination appear natural and legitimate, not only to
those in positions of dominance, but also to those in subordinate
positions. Fashion and the medium of fashion, that is clothing, offer
means to make inequalities of socioeconomic status appear legitimate,
and, therefore, acceptable."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
A "mythical conception of a designer as a 'creative genius' disconnected from social conditions"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup>
is central for the working of the fashion system and for the
reproduction of fashion as ideology. Creativity is socially constructed
and not an innate given, i.e. many may be gifted but no one can become a
famous designer without being legitimized by the fashion system and its
gatekeepers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The star system is as essential for the fashion industry as for any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_industry" title="Culture industry">Culture industry</a>.
"Genre and the star system are attempts to produce something analogous
to brand names in cultural industries. [...] Stars are indispensable
because it is part of the ideology of creativity that creative works
must have an identifiable author."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="World_fashion_industry">World fashion industry</span></h2>
Fashion today is a global industry, and most major countries have a
fashion industry. Some countries are major manufacturing centers,
notably <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Five countries have established an international reputation in fashion: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">France</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Italy</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">United States</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Fashion" title="Japanese Fashion">Japan</a>.
Lately, there have been great designers coming from Turkey and Spain as
well. Pakistan, India and Romania are also known for having very
talented fashion designers.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="American_fashion_design">American fashion design</span></h3>
The majority of American fashion houses are based in New York, although there are also a significant number in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,
where a substantial percentage of high fashion clothing manufactured in
the US is actually made. There are also burgeoning industries in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, and especially <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.
American fashion design is dominated by a clean-cut, urban, casual
style; reflecting the athletic, health-conscious lifestyles of American
city-dwellers. A designer who helped to set the trend in the United
States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the 1940s and 50's was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_McCardell" title="Claire McCardell">Claire McCardell</a>. Many of her designs have been revived in recent decades.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="British_fashion_design">British fashion design</span></h3>
London has long been the capital of the UK fashion industry and has a
wide range of foreign designs which have integrated with modern British
styles. Typical British design is smart but innovative yet recently has
become more and more unconventional, fusing traditional styles with
modern techniques. Vintage styles play an important role in the British
fashion and styling industry. Stylists regularly 'mix and match' the old
with the new, which gives British style that unique, bohemian aesthetic
that many of the other fashion capitals try to imitate. Irish fashion
(both design and styling) is also heavily influenced by fashion trends
from Britain. Famous British brands and designers include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_%28brand%29" title="Alexander McQueen (brand)">Alexander McQueen</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_%28company%29" title="Mulberry (company)">Mulberry</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_McCartney" title="Stella McCartney">Stella McCartney</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood" title="Vivienne Westwood">Vivienne Westwood</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="French_fashion_design">French fashion design</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">French fashion</a></div>
Most French fashion houses are in Paris, which is the capital of French fashion. Traditionally, French fashion is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chic_%28style%29" title="Chic (style)">chic</a> and stylish, defined by its sophistication, cut, and smart accessories. Although the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Language_Monitor" title="Global Language Monitor">Global Language Monitor</a> placed it 3rd in the Media, after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, French fashion is internationally acclaimed.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Italian_fashion_design">Italian fashion design</span></h3>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Italian fashion</a></div>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> is Italy's capital of fashion. Most of the older Italian couturiers are in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. However, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>
are the Italian fashion capitals, and it is the exhibition venue for
their collections. Italian fashion features casual elegance and
luxurious fabrics.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Swiss_fashion_design">Swiss fashion design</span></h3>
Most of the Swiss fashion houses are in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup>
The Swiss look is casual elegant and luxurious with a slight touch of
quirkiness. Additionally, it has been greatly influenced by the dance
club scene.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Japanese_fashion_design">Japanese fashion design</span></h3>
Most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Japanese</a> fashion houses are in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.
The Japanese look is loose and unstructured (often resulting from
complicated cutting), colours tend to the sombre and subtle, and richly
textured fabrics. Famous Japanese designers are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto" title="Yohji Yamamoto">Yohji Yamamoto</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzo_Takada" title="Kenzo Takada">Kenzo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issey_Miyake" title="Issey Miyake">Issey Miyake</a> (masterful drape and cut), and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons" title="Comme des Garçons">Comme des Garçons</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo" title="Rei Kawakubo">Rei Kawakubo</a>, who developed a new way of cutting (comparable to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet" title="Madeleine Vionnet">Madeleine Vionnet</a>'s innovation in the 1930s).<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Soviet_fashion_design">Soviet fashion design</span></h3>
Fashion in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> largely followed general trends of the Western world. However, the state’s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist ideology</a> consistently moderated and influenced these trends. In addition, shortages of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_goods_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Consumer goods in the Soviet Union">consumer goods</a> meant that the general public did not have ready access to pre-made fashion.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="The_New_Economic_Policy_.281920s.29">The New Economic Policy (1920s)</span></h4>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a>’s authorization of private business allowed Western fashion to enter the Soviet Union.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolshevik" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a>
ideology opposed Western fashion consumption as an intrinsically
capitalist practice. Western fashion emphasized both economic status and
gender differences under a system that sought to deemphasize both.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In the early 1920s, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Party</a>-sanctioned magazines like <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabotnitsa" title="Rabotnitsa">Rabotnitsa</a></i> (“The Working Woman”) and <i>Krest’yanka</i>
(“The Peasant Woman”) offered limited yet confused discourse on
fashion. Covers displayed women in plain work clothes, yet the magazines
often contained advertisements for private companies selling stylish
attire.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup>
By 1927, however, the magazines’ message was consistent: women should
be judged on their capability for work, not their appearance. Fashion,
as a beauty aid, was therefore <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgeois" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> and detrimental to socialist society.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In its place, the state commissioned projects to engineer a new Soviet type of dress, which drew on traditional clothing, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_%28art%29" title="Constructivism (art)">constructivist</a> forms, and technological facility.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> Constructivists like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvara_Stepanova" title="Varvara Stepanova">Varvara Stepanova</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Rodchenko" title="Aleksandr Rodchenko">Aleksandr Rodchenko</a> agreed that fashion driven by the market was inherently harmful.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> They employed the simple geometry of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubism</a> to design clothing that was functional, easily mass-produced, and sometimes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisex" title="Unisex">unisex</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Due to lack of adequate material and machinery, however, this <i>prozodezhda</i>, or “production clothing”, did not appeal to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> audience for which it was intended.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> Designs were only available to the most privileged members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a>, who ultimately preferred Western fashion to the highly experimental <i>prozodezhda</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Stalin_Era_.281930s-1950s.29">Stalin Era (1930s-1950s)</span></h4>
During the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalin_era" title="Stalin era">Stalin era</a>,
anti-fashion sentiments dissipated. Party-sanctioned magazines now
promoted fashion and beauty as necessary parts of a Soviet woman’s life.
Rabotnitsa included fashion advice in almost every issue and regularly
reported on new fashion houses opening across the Soviet Union.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> <i>Krest’yanka</i> even organized traveling shows to bring fashion to the countryside.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> The promoted aesthetics were highly varied, ranging from urban polish to ornate decoration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
This new interest in fashion was connected to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>’s assertion that “life has become better and more cheerful”.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Persistent images of plain women and quaint peasants were thought to propagate the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist" title="Capitalist">capitalist</a> view that socialism engenders poverty.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> Fashionable and beautiful clothes were a signal of culture and quality of life equal (or superior) to that under capitalism. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakhanovites" title="Stakhanovites">Stakhanovites</a>,
as foremost examples of successful workers, were expected to adhere to
particularly high standards of appearance. They were often photographed
wearing fine clothing even as they went to the factory.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In reality, the touted fashions were beyond most citizens’ means.
Soviet industry was unable to produce fashionable clothing in
significant quantity, and what did exist was not available for general
sale.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Soviet fashion industry went on hiatus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup>
If the average Soviet citizen desired a particularly stylish item of
clothing, they were usually forced to commission a private tailor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> Day-to-day fashion was often self-produced, and magazines consistently advised women to take a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">do-it-yourself</a> approach to their appearance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Khrushchev_Era_.281950s-1960s.29">Khrushchev Era (1950s-1960s)</span></h4>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a> brought a greater representation of Western fashion to domestic media. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Journalists</a> were sent abroad to report on the latest international fashion trends.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
However, state-owned fashion institutions and magazines moderated these
trends for Soviet audiences. Fashion “crazes” were rejected in favor of
classic, long-running styles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> In addition, moderation and modesty were stressed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a>’s signature style, for example, was particularly admired as a symbol of timelessness and simple sophistication.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> An article in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">the New York Times</a> from 1959 slammed Soviet fashions as unremarkable, “clumsy copies” of outdated Western forms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> Availability of these styles, however, was on the rise. Shops like the newly reopened <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUM_%28department_store%29" title="GUM (department store)">GUM department store</a> now carried the new fashions, albeit at high prices.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The state’s new approach towards fashion was carefully calculated.
The promotion of exorbitant fashion that occurred in the Stalin era, and
the contrast to actual availability, had led to public resentment. In
the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khrushchev_era" title="Khrushchev era">Khrushchev era</a>, the state-owned clothing industry was still unable to produce mass amounts of fashionable clothing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> However, simplified fashions, rejection of excess, and high prices gave the industry a measure of control over consumer demand.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> By the early 1960s, the middle class’s standards of appearance had risen such that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> street fashion was nearly indistinguishable from that in a Western city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
At the same time, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> fashion movements grew among elite youths. The <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilyagi" title="Stilyagi">stilyagi</a></i>,
or “style hunters”, originally based their look on media portrayals of
Western (especially American) fashions. Men wore items such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_shirts" title="Hawaiian shirts">Hawaiian shirts</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">sunglasses</a>, narrow slacks, and pointed shoes, while female <i>stilyagi</i> wore <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniskirts" title="Miniskirts">miniskirts</a> and maintained a childlike demeanor. These styles were labeled as “excessive”, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a> groups would sometimes raid <i>stilyagi</i> hideouts and cut off their hair and pant legs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Brezhnev_Era_.281970s-1980s.29">Brezhnev Era (1970s-1980s)</span></h4>
By the end of the 1960s, Soviet fashion institutions, like the
centralized fashion bureau ODMO (All-Union House of Prototypes), were
embracing increasingly novel Western trends.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup>
At the same time, there was still a need to establish distinctively
Soviet fashions. “Space fashion,” for example, fit directly into state
ideology by glorifying a triumph of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_science" title="Soviet science">Soviet science</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Reality, however, differed from ODMO’s designs. Soviet industry could
not keep up with the demand for fashionable goods, and supply in USSR
shops was worse than in other socialist countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup>
The public was also dissatisfied with the available items. For example,
Soviet women so disliked promoted designs involving Russian ethnic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">prints</a> that the style ultimately became more popular in the West than in the Soviet Union itself.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The middle class increasingly fetishized Western fashion, as it was visible but not easily obtainable.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> American-made blue <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">jeans</a> were an especially desirable item.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-hand_shop" title="Second-hand shop">Secondhand stores</a>
were one source of Western fashion, as visitors from the West could
import goods and sell them for high profits. The retail chain <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriozka" title="Beriozka">Beriozka</a>
also sold some Western clothing, but only to the privileged few who
could pay in hard currency or foreign exchange certificates. Foreign
exchange certificates and Western clothing were also available on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Gorbachev_Era_.281980s.29">Gorbachev Era (1980s)</span></h4>
Under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a>, varied fashion became acceptable. In 1987, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorbachev" title="Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> allowed a Russian edition of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burda_Style" title="Burda Style">Burda Fashion</a></i> magazine to be produced and distributed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> The next year, <i>Zhurnal Mod</i>
began a new run as the first “proper” fashion magazine in the Soviet
Union. In content, it was virtually indistinguishable from a Western
fashion magazine, although ODMO provided all the styles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
When the nineteenth party conference met in the summer of 1989, they
passed a resolution to increase the production of consumer goods.
Fashionable clothes were mentioned specifically in the proceedings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup>
Despite advocates for fashion at the highest level of bureaucracy, real
changes in production failed to take place. The Ministry of Light
Industries set quotas for the creation of new products, but textile
factories recycled older patterns and products instead.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Meanwhile, relaxation of censorship under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a> made the middle class even more aware of their Western counterparts. They felt that they deserved fashionable clothing as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbol</a>, but still could not easily obtain it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Fashion_design_terms">Fashion design terms</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>A <b>fashion designer</b> conceives garment combinations of line,
proportion, color, and texture. While sewing and pattern-making skills
are beneficial, they are not a pre-requisite of successful fashion
design. Most fashion designers are formally trained or apprenticed.</li>
<li>A <b>technical designer</b> works with the design team and the
factories overseas to ensure correct garment construction, appropriate
fabric choices and a good fit. The technical designer fits the garment
samples on a fit model, and decides which fit and construction changes
to make before mass-producing the garment.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_%28sewing%29" title="Pattern (sewing)">pattern maker</a></b> (or <i>pattern cutter</i>)
drafts the shapes and sizes of a garment's pieces. This may be done
manually with paper and measuring tools or by using a CAD computer
software program. Another method is to drape fabric directly onto a
dress form. The resulting pattern pieces can be constructed to produce
the intended design of the garment and required size. Formal training is
usually required for working as a pattern marker.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">tailor</a></b>
makes custom designed garments made to the client's measure; especially
suits (coat and trousers, jacket and skirt, et cetera). Tailors usually
undergo an apprenticeship or other formal training.</li>
<li>A <b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textiles" title="Textiles">textile designer</a></b>
designs fabric weaves and prints for clothes and furnishings. Most
textile designers are formally trained as apprentices and in school.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist" title="Wardrobe stylist">stylist</a></b>
co-ordinates the clothes, jewelry, and accessories used in fashion
photography and catwalk presentations. A stylist may also work with an
individual client to design a coordinated wardrobe of garments. Many
stylists are trained in fashion design, the history of fashion and
historical costume, and have a high level of expertise in the current
fashion market and future market trends. However, some simply have a
strong aesthetic sense for pulling great looks together.</li>
<li>A <b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_buyer" title="Fashion buyer">fashion buyer</a></b>
selects and buys the mix of clothing available in retail shops,
department stores and chain stores. Most fashion buyers are trained in
business and/or fashion studies.</li>
<li>A <b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamstress" title="Seamstress">seamstress</a></b>
sews ready-to-wear or mass-produced clothing by hand or with a sewing
machine, either in a garment shop or as a sewing machine operator in a
factory. She (or he) may not have the skills to make (design and cut)
the garments, or to fit them on a model.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teacher of fashion design</a></b> teaches the art and craft of fashion design in art or fashion school.</li>
<li>A <b>custom clothier</b> makes custom-made garments to order, for a given customer.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">dressmaker</a></b>
specializes in custom-made women's clothes: day, cocktail, and evening
dresses, business clothes and suits, trousseaus, sports clothes, and
lingerie.</li>
<li>An <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrator</a></b> draws and paints clothing designs for commercial use.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_forecasting" title="Fashion forecasting">fashion forecaster</a></b> predicts what colours, styles and shapes will be popular ("on-trend") before the garments are on sale in stores.</li>
<li>A <b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_model" title="Fashion model">model</a></b> wears and displays clothes at fashion shows and in photographs.</li>
<li>A <b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fit_model" title="Fit model">fit model</a></b>
aids the fashion designer by wearing and commenting on the fit of
clothes during their design and pre-manufacture. Fit models need to be a
particular size for this purpose.</li>
<li>A <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">fashion journalist</a></b> writes fashion articles describing the garments presented or fashion trends, for magazines or newspapers.</li>
<li>An <b>alterations specialist</b> (<b>alterationist</b>) adjusts the
fit of completed garments, usually ready-to-wear, and sometimes
re-styles them. NOTE: despite tailors altering garments to fit the
client, not all alterationists are tailors.</li>
<li>An <b>Image Consultant</b>, <b>wardrobe consultant</b> or <b>fashion advisor</b> recommends styles and colors that are flattering to the client.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-82068507964114214222013-03-11T02:45:00.002-07:002013-03-11T02:45:32.695-07:00Try on a Fashion Modeling Career<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h2 class="entry-title">
Try on a Fashion Modeling Career</h2>
<h3>
<a href="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/iStock_000014730474XSmall.jpg"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-162" height="300" src="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/iStock_000014730474XSmall-200x300.jpg" title="Summer Fashion" width="200" /></a>What is Fashion Modeling?</h3>
Once a designer creates a garment or accessory, he will usually need
some way to display the item to the public. This is where fashion
modeling comes in.<br />
Fashion modeling involves using people to show off a particular type
of fashion. This allows the public to see how a particular fashion
looks, which can help create public interest. Several different types of
fashion items can be displayed using fashion modeling. Some items that
can be modeled include garments, accessories, jewelry, and cosmetics.<br />
In the fashion industry, fashion modeling is often used as a type of
advertising. Models are often featured in magazines and catalogs, as
well as on television and the Internet.<br />
<h3>
What Does a Fashion Model Do?</h3>
Although many individuals believe that fashion modeling just involves
wearing different fashions and looking pretty, there is actually much
more to it. While a fashion modeling career can be exciting and
glamorous, it is also rather demanding and stressful.<br />
Fashion models are required to look and act a certain way. Therefore,
they must work very hard to maintain a certain image. This usually
involves strict dieting and exercise to keep their bodies in top shape.
Fashion models must also usually keep up to date on and wear the latest
fashions.<br />
A career in fashion modeling also usually requires models to work
very long hours in several different types of settings and environments.
Swimsuit models, for instance, will usually need to wear several
different swimsuits on a beach. This type of work, which may seem
inviting to some, often involves baking in the hot sun or smiling for
the camera in chilly, windy weather for hours.<br />
While they are modeling, fashion models also need to move or pose
their bodies in certain ways, or they may need to rely on facial
expressions to achieve a certain look.<br />
Fashion models should also have an outgoing personality and superb
people skills, since they will usually need to interact with a variety
of different people while they are working. They may need to interact
with stylists, makeup artists, designers, and photographers.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a class="button-school" href="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/fashion-design-schools/">Find a Modeling School</a></div>
<h3>
What are Some of the Different Types of Fashion Modeling?</h3>
There are several different types of fashion modeling.<br />
Modeling for print is one of the most commonly recognized types of
modeling. Models who model for print media, like magazines and catalogs,
must be photographed wearing different fashions. Most of the time, they
will be required to hold several different poses for long periods of
time.<br />
Live modeling is another popular type of fashion modeling. This type
of modeling often refers to the type of modeling seen during runway
shows. Live models are typically required to walk and turn in front of
large audiences while wearing current fashions. Some live models may
even be required to interact with certain props in their environment as
well.<br />
Some fashion models might only model with certain parts of their
bodies, like their hands or feet. These models are often referred to as
parts models.<br />
When trying to market a fashion to a certain audience, fashion
designers will often use fashion models that are built like or look like
the intended audience. For instance, plus-sized models will usually
model plus-sized clothing. African models might also be used in order to
model certain fashions geared toward colored women.<br />
<h3>
What is the Average Salary of a Fashion Model</h3>
Making money as a fashion model is not always easy, since this is
often a very competitive career. Some models may not even make enough
money to live on, and they will often need to secure employment in other
areas. Some of the more attractive and successful models, however, are
often able to make a decent annual salary with just modeling alone.<br />
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average annual
modeling salary was around $32,920. More successful models will often
make much more, and they will also be rewarded with free fashion
products, like clothes, jewelry, and makeup.<br />
<h3>
What are the Education Requirements for Fashion Models?</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/b5pp2s2yYd8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
There are no strict education requirements for becoming a fashion
model, but some aspiring models may choose to attend modeling school or
take modeling classes. While they can be helpful, modeling schools and
classes don’t always guarantee that a model will <a href="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/iStock_000011408607XSmall.jpg"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-163 alignright" height="300" src="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/iStock_000011408607XSmall-200x300.jpg" title="Cocktail Dress" width="200" /></a>get work.<br />
In modeling school, aspiring models will often learn different skills
that can be helpful for a career in fashion modeling. Most modeling
schools will teach models how to dress and act, for instance. While
attending modeling school, some individuals will find that they gain the
confidence needed to be a successful model.<br />
A modeling school can also help build an aspiring model’s portfolio as well.<br />
<span class="span">Take the first step - <a href="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/fashion-design-schools/">Find a Modeling School</a> by requesting information for various art schools in the industry of your liking <a href="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/art-schools/">here</a>. If you'd like the flexibility of an online art program check out your options <a href="http://www.theartcareerproject.com/online-art-degree-programs-courses/">here</a>.<br /></span><br />
<h3>
Where can a Fashion Model Find Work?</h3>
The majority of fashion models usually sign on with modeling
agencies. These types of agencies act as go betweens for models and
prospective clients. In fact, many fashion designers will not hire
models unless they are represented by modeling agencies.<br />
Instead of working with a modeling agency, a model can also choose to
work as a freelancer. Freelance models, however, will often have a much
harder time getting a steady stream of modeling work.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-14107725298998926012013-03-11T02:43:00.001-07:002013-03-11T02:43:35.640-07:00Busana Muslim Kantor Agar Tampil Menarik<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="post-78 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-fashion post post-single clearfix" id="post-78">
<h2 class="title">
Busana Muslim Kantor Agar Tampil Menarik</h2>
<div class="postmeta-primary">
<span class="meta_date"></span><span class="meta_categories"><br /></span>
</div>
<div class="entry clearfix">
<a href="http://www.szaharani.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/busana-muslim-kantor.jpg-png.png"><img alt="" class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-98" height="150" src="http://www.szaharani.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/busana-muslim-kantor.jpg-png-150x150.png" title="busana muslim kantor.jpg png" width="150" /></a>Tampil menarik saat ke kantor adalah idaman semua <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">wanita</span>. Bagi wanita muslim yang <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">bekerja</span>
di kantor, dapat memadupadankan busana muslim yang cocok untuk ke
kantor. Meskipun dengan busana muslim tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk
tampil modis dan menarik. Karena kita dapat memilih baju muslim kantor
yang sesuai dengan karakter kita. Dengan penampilan menarik saat
dikantor, maka akan meningkatkan rasa <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">percaya</span> diri dan kemampuan untuk berprestasi. Sebelum kita bereksplorasi pada busana muslim kantor, sebaiknya kita kenali dulu<br />
1. Blouse<br />
Agar tampilan tidak terlalu monoton, sebaiknya pilihlah atasan dengan
variasi warna, motif, dan jenis. Kemudian, jangan hanya terpaku pada
atasan tanpa motif. Anda bisa memilih blouse yang didesain dengan corak
garis, abstrak, dan floral<br />
2. Cardigan<br />
Cardigan bisa dikenakan ke acara formal, pesta, kantor, mupun saat
jalan-jalan santai. Tak heran bila busana ini banyak diminati. Cardigan
dengan segala model seperti beraksen <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">V-neck</span> atau scoop neck, akan <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">membantu</span> Anda untuk bebas bergerak dan terlihat menarik. Memadukannya dengan blouse serta rok bisa menjadi <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">pilihan</span> yang tepat.<br />
5. Handbag<br />
Untuk ke kantor, sebaiknya pilihlah tas tangan berukuran besar agar
mempermudah Anda untuk membawa barang banyak, seperti dompet, buku
agenda, perlengkapan make up, ponsel, dan sebagainya. Pakailah handbag
anda kuat untuk menaruh barang-barang anda.<br />
6. Perhiasan<br />
Perhiasan merupakan aksesori yang juga membuat pemakainya tampil
menarik. Agar tidak terlalu berlebihan, sebaiknya saat ke kantor Anda
cukup mengenakan kalung, anting-anting, serta jam tangan. Usahakan pula
agar warna perhiasan yang dikenakan semua warnanya senada dan simple.<br />
<h4>
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No related posts.<br />
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<br />
<h3>
STUDY: HEIGHT LOSS SCREEN
ULTIMATELY COULD REDUCE HIP FRACTURES</h3>
COLUMBUS, Ohio – The loss of 2 or more inches in height during
adulthood serves as a powerful predictor of osteoporosis in the hip, and
thus the risk for hip fractures, in elderly women, according to a new
study at <a href="http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/">The Ohio State University
Medical Center</a>. The finding has led researchers to recommend that
primary care physicians routinely screen aging patients for height loss.<br />
<table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4" style="width: 200px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img border="2" height="200" src="http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/kantor.jpg" width="200" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><div align="center">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seth
Kantor</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
“May is National Osteoporosis Month, and in 2004, an osteoporotic
or fragility fracture of the hip should be preventable,” said Dr.
<a href="http://internalmedicine.osu.edu/immunology/742.cfm">Seth Kantor</a>,
a rheumatologist at OSU Medical Center and lead author of the study, published
in a recent issue of the <a href="http://www.iscd.org/Visitors/resources/journal.cfm"><em>Journal
of Clinical Densitometry</em></a>. “Our findings suggest that a
very simple test for all patients – current height compared to peak
adult height – can predict the need for a bone mineral density scan
to check for osteoporosis.”<br />
New medications that help build and stabilize bone make effective treatment
for osteoporosis possible, he noted. In patients with osteoporosis, the
natural cycle of losing and adding minerals in healthy bone falls out
of balance and the loss outpaces the gain, leading to low bone mass, structural
deterioration of bone tissue, fragility and an increased susceptibility
to fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. An estimated 30 million American
women either have or are at risk for osteoporosis, which is responsible
for about 300,000 hip fractures annually. Men account for 25 percent of
the hip fractures nationally.<br />
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="218"><hr />
<h3 align="center">
<em><span style="color: #006633;">“We wanted to illuminate
the relationship between height loss and osteoporosis by ruling
out other factors that might affect this relationship. The clear
relationship we found implies that a simple evaluation of height
can help physicians in an outpatient setting decide whether a patient
should undergo a bone density scan.” </span></em></h3>
<hr />
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Kantor considers osteoporosis a major public health threat and calls
it a “silent disease” because patients with the disorder feel
no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Broken hips can be catastrophic for
elderly patients – nearly 50 percent of sufferers never return to
normal function, 25 percent require nursing home care and 20 percent die
of infection, blood clots or other complications within six months after
the fractures, he said.<br />
For the study, Ohio State researchers conducted a statistical analysis
of bone density scans on more than 2,100 women. The results showed that
height loss of between 2 inches and 3 inches increased more than fourfold
the chances the women had osteoporosis of the hip. Odds of osteoporosis
in the hip were nearly 10 times greater in women with 3 or more inches
of height loss compared to women with less than an inch of loss. The average
age of the women was 60. Odds were adjusted for variables of age, weight
and maximum adult height.<br />
“We didn’t necessarily try to define the best model for
predicting hip osteoporosis. Instead, we wanted to illuminate the relationship
between height loss and osteoporosis by ruling out other factors that
might affect this relationship,” Kantor said. “The clear relationship
we found implies that a simple evaluation of height can help physicians
in an outpatient setting decide whether a patient should undergo a bone
density scan.”<br />
The analysis indicated that height loss of up to 1 inch did not predict
osteoporosis of the hip. Kantor also noted that it’s possible to
have severe osteoporosis and not lose any height. <br />
Kantor said that in an ideal world, a bone density scan – known
as a DXA scan – would become as routine as a mammogram for women
who have reached menopause, when the lack of estrogen production can lead
to dramatic bone loss. Aging men should be screened as well, Kantor asserted.<br />
Kantor co-authored the study with Stanley Lemeshow, dean of the Ohio
State <a href="http://sph.osu.edu/">School of Public Health</a>; Stacy
Hoshaw-Woodard, formerly of Ohio State’s <a href="http://www-biostat.med.ohio-state.edu/">Center
for Biostatistics</a>; and former OSU medical student Kristen Ossa.<br />
<div align="center">
#</div>
Contact: Emily Caldwell, Medical Center Communications, 614-293-3737
or <a href="mailto:caldwell.151@osu.edu">caldwell.151@osu.ed</a>u<br />
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-34132402429222767552013-03-09T00:08:00.002-08:002013-03-09T00:08:48.830-08:00Model tas pesta remaja terbaru<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
Model tas pesta remaja terbaru</h1>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_2204" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Model-tas-pesta-remaja-terbaru.jpg"><img alt="Model tas pesta remaja terbaru" class="size-medium wp-image-2204" height="172" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Model-tas-pesta-remaja-terbaru-300x172.jpg" title="Model tas pesta remaja terbaru" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Model tas pesta remaja terbaru</div>
</div>
<strong>Model tas pesta remaja terbaru – </strong>Tas pesta yang cantik dan anggun dapat mempercantik penampilan bagi para ibu dan remaja putri. Bagi sebagian besar wanita, <strong>model tas </strong>merupakan salah satu ajang untuk “<em>pamer</em>” segala sesuatu. Mulai dari dandanan, baju yang dikenakan, sampai pada tas pesta yang dibawa<strong>. </strong>Memiliki beberapa buah tas pesta adalah <em>sebuah keharusan bagi wanita.</em> Apalagi bila mereka termasuk dalam golongan pecinta pesta. Jenis dari<strong> </strong><em>Model tas pesta remaja terbaru</em>
sendiri bermacam – macam. Bahkan ada penjahit terkenal yang bisa
membuat tas pesta beserta sepatu pesta yang seragam dengan baju
pestanya. Banyak butik tas pesta yang bisa kita jadikan pilihan dalam
berbelanja tas pesta.<br />
<strong>Gambar Model tas pesta remaja terbaru</strong><br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2387" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/tas4-300x300.jpg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2387" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/tas4-300x300.jpg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2388" style="width: 267px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/indssssssssex1.jpeg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2388" height="194" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/indssssssssex1.jpeg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="259" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
<strong><br />
</strong><br />
Jenis dan macam tas sangat beragam mulai dari tas tangan, tas
sekolah, tas olahraga, tas laptop, tas belanja, tas pinggang, tas paha,
tas punggung dan masih banyak lagi jenis dan macam ditambah dengan model
dan gaya yang dapat dieksplorasi sedemikian rupa sehingga menghasilkan
bentuk yang unik.<br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Model tas pesta remaja terbaru</span> bisa di lihat di bawah ini:<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2389" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/5ca5125f72600604d400065d50857bb9-fullsize-300x225.jpg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2389" height="225" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/5ca5125f72600604d400065d50857bb9-fullsize-300x225.jpg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2390" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/f300973_t99461_dsc01551-300x300.jpg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2390" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/f300973_t99461_dsc01551-300x300.jpg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2391" style="width: 272px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imaaaaaaaaaaaaaages.jpeg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2391" height="191" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imaaaaaaaaaaaaaages.jpeg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="264" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2393" style="width: 267px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imssssssssssssssssages1.jpeg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2393" height="194" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imssssssssssssssssages1.jpeg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="259" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2394" style="width: 306px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imageaaaaaaas.jpeg"><img alt="tas pesta remaja terkini" class="size-full wp-image-2394" height="169" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imageaaaaaaas.jpeg" title="tas pesta remaja terkini" width="298" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
tas pesta remaja terkini</div>
</div>
Setiap orang pada setiap kalangan memerlukan tas. Tas hampir selalu
dipakai dalam setiap kesempatan dan kegiatan. Anak-anak sekolah dan
mahasiswa memerlukan tas untuk membawa buku pelajaran, ibu-ibu dan
bapa-bapa yang bekerja memerlukan untuk membawa perlengkapan kerjanya,
para olahragawan memerlukan tas untuk membawa perlengkapan olahraga.
Setiap kegiatan atau aktivitas memerlukan model dan bentuk tas yang
berbeda seperti tas untuk olah raga, tas untuk traveling, tas untuk
belanja, tas untuk undangan dsb. Jadi setiap orang dan setiap kegiatan
atau aktivitasnya memerlukan tas yang berbeda. Terlebih lagi keperluan
terhadap tas sebagai tempat untuk barang-barang khusus seperti tas untuk
Laptop, Hand Phone, Kosmetik, Raket, dan sebagainya<em>.</em><br />
<div>
Tas dapat dibuat dari berbagai bahan baku mulai dari kulit
binatang, kulit kayu, kain, plastik, kertas bahkan limbah. Sapu lidi pun
tidak ketinggalan untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan tas. selain unik
model-model yang dibuat dari berbagai bahan baku tersebut juga nampak
cantik.</div>
<div>
Sasaran konsumen sangat terbuka mulai dari segmen anak-anak,
remaja, dewasa, orang tua, pria dan wanita. terutama wanita kebutuhan
terhadap tas ibarat sendok dan garpu atau ibarat mobil dan bensin,
dimana ada wanita disitu ada tas.</div>
<br />
<div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-92154042896811367842013-03-09T00:07:00.001-08:002013-03-09T00:07:25.329-08:00Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1>
Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik</h1>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_2724" style="width: 230px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Gaya-mengikat-tali-sepatu-unik1.jpg"><img alt="Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik" class="size-full wp-image-2724" height="227" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Gaya-mengikat-tali-sepatu-unik1.jpg" title="Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik" width="222" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik</div>
</div>
<strong>Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik</strong> – Tampil menarik dan
nyentik tentunya menjadi perhatian khusus buat kita. Salah satu
assesoris mendukung yg menarik buat penampilan kita adalah <em>sepatu</em>. Untuk melengkapi assesoris sepatu agar terlihat menarik adalah dengan mengubah gaya tali atau ikatan pada sepatu.<br />
Sebenernya banyak cara untuk mengikat tali sepatu yg berbeda gayanya
dengan yg sudah biasa kita lakukan, di sini saya akan membagi tips dan
cara untuk mengikat tali sepatu biar kelihatan berbeda dari yg lain, dan
tentunya akan terlihat unik dan menarik.<br />
Bosan dengan <em>model ikat tali sepatu yang biasa?</em> Nah berikut ini ada beberapa trik keren dalam mengikat sepatu yang dapat membuat kami lebih <em>bergaya.</em><br />
Unik, Keren dan berbeda, itulah sekelumit istilah yang sangat sering
kita dengar dari anak² remaja. Mulai dari ternd rambut, fashion bahkan
hobi.<br />
Salah satunya ya dengan mengikat tali sepatu, saya mau share tips menarik nih dari Ian W.Fieggen<br />
pada postingan kali ini, kita akan membahas bagaimana cara
mengkreasikan tali sepatu kamu agar lebih unik n keren tentunya Nih ada
beberapa pola yg dapat kamu tiru..<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2662" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Gaya-mengikat-tali-sepatu-unik.jpg"><img alt="Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik" class="size-full wp-image-2662" height="219" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Gaya-mengikat-tali-sepatu-unik.jpg" title="Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik</div>
</div>
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<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2668" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/cara-mengikat-tali-sepatu-unik.jpg"><img alt="cara mengikat tali sepatu unik" class="size-medium wp-image-2668" height="225" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/cara-mengikat-tali-sepatu-unik-300x225.jpg" title="cara mengikat tali sepatu unik" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cara mengikat tali sepatu unik</div>
</div>
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<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2669" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/cara-mengikat-tali-sepatu.jpg"><img alt="cara mengikat tali sepatu" class="size-medium wp-image-2669" height="211" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/cara-mengikat-tali-sepatu-300x211.jpg" title="cara mengikat tali sepatu" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cara mengikat tali sepatu</div>
</div>
Itu adalah gambaran untuk <strong>Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik</strong>, biar kalian ga bosen dengan model ikatan yg biasa biasa aja…<br />
<strong>Fashion terbaru yang terkait dengan gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik adalah :</strong><br />
<em>Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik</em>, cara mengikat tali sepatu
unik, cara mengikat tali sepatu bola, cara mengikat tali sepatu yang
benar, cara mengikat dasi, cara mengikat rambut.<br />
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<h2>
<u> Post title Gaya mengikat tali sepatu unik </u></h2>
cara membuat gelang dari tali sepatu, cara mengikat rambut yang unik,
gelang dari tali sepatu, tips membuat gelang dari tali sepatu, Membuat
gelang dari Tali Sepatu, cara bikin gelang dari tali sepatu, cara
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ikat sepatu, diikat tali, baju pantai, cara mengikat rambut simpel
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-92058748444218679092013-03-09T00:05:00.002-08:002013-03-09T00:05:32.190-08:00High heels terbaru<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
High heels terbaru</h1>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_2764" style="width: 240px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/High-heels-terbaru.jpg"><img alt="High heels terbaru" class="size-full wp-image-2764" height="218" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/High-heels-terbaru.jpg" title="High heels terbaru" width="232" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
<a class="alrptip" href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/tips-memakai-sepatu-agar-tampil-cantik">High heels terbaru</a></div>
</div>
<strong>High heels terbaru</strong> – Sandal high heels merupakan
salah satu model sandal paling digemari oleh kalangan wanita, hal ini
dikarenakan sandal highs biasa digunakan sebagai sandal pesta.Dengan
menggunakan sandal high heels, wanita akan tampil lebih percaya diri
dikarenakan akan terlihat lebih tinggi serta membuat bentuk kaki lebih
indah ataupun menyamarkan kekurangan bentuk kaki.<br />
Sandal high heels dengan tinggi +-12 cm merupakan pilihan yang paling
bijak untuk kebanyakan wanita pada saat menghadiri pesta.Untuk
kesempurnaan penampilan, cara berjalan dengan menggunakan sandal dengan
heels tinggi sangat menunjang daya pikat penampilan seorang wanita.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2765" style="width: 233px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/High-heels-terbaru1.jpg"><img alt="High heels terbaru" class="size-full wp-image-2765" height="225" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/High-heels-terbaru1.jpg" title="High heels terbaru" width="225" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
High heels terbaru</div>
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High heels terbaru</div>
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Untuk anda yang belum terbiasa menggunakan High heels dapat membuat
pengguna susah berjalan dan juga beresiko terkilir bahkan sampai jatuh.
Maka tidak ada salahnya anda harus belajar untuk menggunakan high heels
untuk menghindari tragedi memalukan selama pesta berlangsung.<br />
Tips lainnya adalah sebaiknya anda mengabaikan penggunaan lotion pada
telapak kaki saat menggunakan sandal pesta dengan heel yang tinggi. Hal
ini dikarenakan lotion dapat menyebabkan telapak kaki menjadi lebih
licin sehinggal kaki rentan bergesar ataupun miring. Hal ini yang
menyebabkan resiko terkilir ataupun jatuh.<br />
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High heels terbaru</div>
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High heels terbaru</div>
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Salah satunya adalah Merk <em>high heels terbaru</em> Sandal Wedges
Red Wine yang banyak sekali menyediakan type type sandal wedges dan high
heels. Dengan model model yang tampak fashionable dengan warna warna
cerah. Tentunya dengan harga terjangkau. Sandal Red Wine dapat menjadi
sebuat opsi untuk anda koleksi.<br />
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<h2>
<u> Post title High heels terbaru </u></h2>
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</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-78055617476613103012013-03-09T00:03:00.002-08:002013-03-09T00:03:44.242-08:00Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya</h1>
<strong>Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya</strong><br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2875" style="width: 386px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Wanita-dan-Aneka-Jenisnya.jpg"><img alt="Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya" class="wp-image-2875 " height="217" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Wanita-dan-Aneka-Jenisnya.jpg" title="Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya" width="378" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya</div>
</div>
Mencocokkan berbagai model busana dengan koleksi sepatu agar
penampilan lebih gaya dan profesional memang tidak mudah. Bagi setiap
wanita, matching adalah segalanya, agar enak dilihat oleh relasi anda.
Untuk itu, cek beberapa hal agar penampilan busana dan sepatu senantiasa
tampil gaya.<br />
<strong>Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya</strong>, berikut adalah contoh contoh sepatu yg sering di pake oleh wanita :<br />
<strong>Sepatu</strong> <strong>Flats</strong><br />
Sepatu hak datar atau biasa disebut flat shoes merupakan sepatu
sehari-hari yang nyaman. Biasanya sepatu ini banyak dikenakan saat
santai. Pakaian apa saja pun cocok dipadukan dengan flat shoes, asalkan
selalu sesuaikan warna dan model flat shoes dengan busana Anda. Hindari
pemakaian sepatu datar dengan rok selutut, outfit anda terlihat berat
dibawah, sangat kuno dan membuat kaki terlihat pendek.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2898" style="width: 330px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Flats.jpg"><img alt="Sepatu Flats" class="wp-image-2898 " height="249" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Flats.jpg" title="Sepatu Flats" width="322" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Sepatu Flats</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2897" style="width: 351px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Flats-terbaru.jpg"><img alt="Sepatu Flats terbaru" class="wp-image-2897 " height="247" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Flats-terbaru.jpg" title="Sepatu Flats terbaru" width="343" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Sepatu Flats terbaru</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2876" style="width: 353px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Aneka-Sepatu-Flats.jpg"><img alt="Aneka Sepatu Flats" class="wp-image-2876 " height="244" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Aneka-Sepatu-Flats.jpg" title="Aneka Sepatu Flats" width="345" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Aneka Sepatu Flats</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2878" style="width: 363px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Jenis-Sepatu-Flats.jpg"><img alt="Jenis Sepatu Flats" class="wp-image-2878 " height="289" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Jenis-Sepatu-Flats.jpg" title="Jenis Sepatu Flats" width="355" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Jenis Sepatu Flats</div>
</div>
<br />
<strong>Kitten Heels</strong><br />
Model sepatu kitten heels atau hak medium memang terkesan sederhana,
jenis sepatu ini sangat serasi dipadankan dengan gaun semi formal dan
stelan kantor (Blazer casual, rok lurus, atau rok model A-Line). Cocok
juga bila anda memakainya saat anda mengenakan celana 7/8.<br />
berikut adalah contoh <strong><em>Sepatu Wanita dan Aneka Jenisnya</em></strong>:<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2899" style="width: 353px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Kitten-Heels.jpg"><img alt="Sepatu Kitten Heels" class="wp-image-2899 " height="240" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Sepatu-Kitten-Heels.jpg" title="Sepatu Kitten Heels" width="345" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Sepatu Kitten Heels</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2880" style="width: 351px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Kitten-Heels-macan.jpg"><img alt="Kitten Heels macan" class="wp-image-2880 " height="261" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Kitten-Heels-macan.jpg" title="Kitten Heels macan" width="343" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Kitten Heels macan</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2877" style="width: 337px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/jenis-Kitten-Heels.jpg"><img alt="jenis Kitten Heels" class="wp-image-2877 " height="267" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/jenis-Kitten-Heels.jpg" title="jenis Kitten Heels" width="329" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
jenis Kitten Heels</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2881" style="width: 326px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Kitten-Heels.jpg"><img alt="Kitten Heels" class="wp-image-2881 " height="290" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Kitten-Heels.jpg" title="Kitten Heels" width="318" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Kitten Heels</div>
</div>
<br />
<strong>Pumps</strong><br />
Stacked heels nyaman dipakai, sepatu hak tinggi dengan hak datar segi
empat menampilkan kesan yang resmi dan casual. Cocok dikenakan dengan
setelan jas dan celana untuk opsi gaya boyish saat bekerja.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2896" style="width: 338px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Pumps.jpg"><img alt="Pumps" class="wp-image-2896 " height="302" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Pumps.jpg" title="Pumps" width="330" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Pumps</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2894" style="width: 342px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Pumps-heels.jpg"><img alt="Pumps heels" class="wp-image-2894 " height="265" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Pumps-heels.jpg" title="Pumps heels" width="334" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Pumps heels</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2900" style="width: 346px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/sepatu-Pumps.jpg"><img alt="sepatu Pumps" class="wp-image-2900 " height="281" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/sepatu-Pumps.jpg" title="sepatu Pumps" width="338" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
sepatu Pumps</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2895" style="width: 337px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Pumps-ungu.jpg"><img alt="Pumps ungu" class="wp-image-2895 " height="260" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Pumps-ungu.jpg" title="Pumps ungu" width="329" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Pumps ungu</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2886" style="width: 338px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/macam-macam-Pumps.jpg"><img alt="macam - macam Pumps" class="wp-image-2886 " height="235" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/macam-macam-Pumps.jpg" title="macam - macam Pumps" width="330" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
macam – macam Pumps</div>
</div>
<strong>Stiletto</strong><br />
Jika anda ingin terlihat lebih feminim, sepatu stiletto bisa menjadi
pilihan untuk Anda. Model ini lebih pas bila digunakan ke pesta dengan
memadukan dengan gaun malam. Stiletto juga dapat dipadukan dengan celana
panjang agar kaki anda terlihat jenjang atau rok pensil. Memilih sepatu
berhak stiletto sedikit lebih rumit, pastikan haknya kuat dan tidak
mudah goyah agar Anda pun bisa berjalan<br />
dengan nyaman.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2903" style="width: 307px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Stiletto.jpg"><img alt="Stiletto" class="wp-image-2903 " height="250" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Stiletto.jpg" title="Stiletto" width="299" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Stiletto</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2879" style="width: 297px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/jenis-Stiletto.jpg"><img alt="jenis Stiletto" class="wp-image-2879 " height="267" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/jenis-Stiletto.jpg" title="jenis Stiletto" width="289" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
jenis Stiletto</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2902" style="width: 305px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Stiletto-merah.jpg"><img alt="Stiletto merah" class="wp-image-2902 " height="295" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Stiletto-merah.jpg" title="Stiletto merah" width="297" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Stiletto merah</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2901" style="width: 301px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Stiletto-hitam.jpg"><img alt="Stiletto hitam" class="wp-image-2901 " height="263" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Stiletto-hitam.jpg" title="Stiletto hitam" width="293" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Stiletto hitam</div>
</div>
<strong>Loafers</strong><br />
Sepatu model loafers sol datar ataupun berbentuk selop, paling pas
dipadankan dengan celana pantalon atau kapri. Bagi Anda yang memiliki
kaki jenjang, loafer bisa dipadukan dengan rok mid-length. Padukan
celana chino, long sleeve motif garis, tas tali panjang dengan loafer
datar untuk memberikan tampilan musim panas yang edgy.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2885" style="width: 300px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers.jpg"><img alt="Loafers" class="wp-image-2885 " height="292" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers.jpg" title="Loafers" width="292" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Loafers</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2883" style="width: 320px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers-hitam.jpg"><img alt="Loafers hitam" class="wp-image-2883 " height="233" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers-hitam.jpg" title="Loafers hitam" width="312" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Loafers hitam</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2882" style="width: 278px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers-cowok.jpg"><img alt="Loafers cowok" class="wp-image-2882 " height="360" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers-cowok.jpg" title="Loafers cowok" width="270" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Loafers cowok</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2884" style="width: 317px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers-terbaru.jpg"><img alt="Loafers terbaru" class=" wp-image-2884" height="231" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Loafers-terbaru.jpg" title="Loafers terbaru" width="309" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Loafers terbaru</div>
</div>
<strong>Peep Toe</strong><br />
Peep toe merupakan jenis sepatu yang memungkinkan kaki anda untuk
bernapas dan menjaga sirkulasi darah tetap lancar. Dengan lubang di
ujung sepatu,memungkinkan Anda untuk pamer cat kuku kaki.<br />
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2904" style="width: 311px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/aneka-Peep-Toe.jpg"><img alt="aneka Peep Toe" class="wp-image-2904 " height="227" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/aneka-Peep-Toe.jpg" title="aneka Peep Toe" width="303" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
aneka Peep Toe</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2887" style="width: 254px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-berbunga.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe berbunga" class="wp-image-2887 " height="301" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-berbunga.jpg" title="Peep Toe berbunga" width="246" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe berbunga</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2890" style="width: 239px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-lancip.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe lancip" class="wp-image-2890 " height="333" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-lancip.jpg" title="Peep Toe lancip" width="231" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe lancip</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2891" style="width: 274px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-merah.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe merah" class=" wp-image-2891" height="329" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-merah.jpg" title="Peep Toe merah" width="266" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe merah</div>
</div>
<br />
<strong>Wedges</strong><br />
Wedges kembali populer! wedges mempunyai hak tinggi dan sol yang lebar,
cocok digunakan dengan celana atau rok agar terkesan kasual. Biasanya
sepatu model ini dikenakan bagi anda yang mempunyai betis besar agar
terlihat lebih seimbang.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2889" style="width: 355px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-hitam-lancip.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe hitam lancip" class="wp-image-2889 " height="231" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-hitam-lancip.jpg" title="Peep Toe hitam lancip" width="347" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe hitam lancip</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2888" style="width: 344px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-heels.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe heels" class="wp-image-2888 " height="224" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-heels.jpg" title="Peep Toe heels" width="336" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe heels</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2892" style="width: 334px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-santai.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe santai" class="wp-image-2892 " height="246" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-santai.jpg" title="Peep Toe santai" width="326" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe santai</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2893" style="width: 299px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-tali-merah.jpg"><img alt="Peep Toe tali merah" class="wp-image-2893 " height="214" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Peep-Toe-tali-merah.jpg" title="Peep Toe tali merah" width="291" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Peep Toe tali merah</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-43187212006247636282013-03-09T00:00:00.000-08:002013-03-09T00:00:01.356-08:00merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</h1>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_2316" style="width: 283px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/index.jpeg"><img alt="merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik" class="size-full wp-image-2316" height="183" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/index.jpeg" title="merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik" width="275" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</div>
</div>
<strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong> – Setiap wanita memimpikan memiliki kuku panjang dengan bentuk yang indah untuk menambah keindahan j<em>ari tangan, Kuku yang kotor dan tak terawat akan membuat tangan terlihat jelek</em>.
Cara paling mudah merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik tetap sehat
dan indah adalah mendatangi salon untuk melakukan perawatan. Tapi,
daripada Anda membuang beberapa ratus ribu untuk melakukan <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik </strong> manikur dan pedikur di <em>salon</em>, mengapa tidak mencoba melakukan <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong> sendiri di rumah.<br />
Kuku terlihat sehat dan kuat itu karena perawatan kuku yang rutin,
meski seharian kerja, namun sisipkanlah waktu kamu untuk memanjakannya
di malam hari.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2359" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Beauty-nail_4-300x188.jpg"><img alt="cat kuku" class="size-full wp-image-2359" height="188" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Beauty-nail_4-300x188.jpg" title="cat kuku " width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cat kuku</div>
</div>
Berikut beberapa tips dan rahasia <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik dan sempurna</strong>:<br />
1. <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong> Untuk<strong> </strong>mengeraskan kuku yang lunak, rendam kuku dalam minyak zaitun hangat setiap dua hari sekali selama sekitar 15 menit.<br />
2. Untuk <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong>
mempertahankan kilau alami kuku, oleskan petroleum jelly pada kuku
setiap malam. Oleskan dengan menggunakan kain katun yang lembut.<br />
3. <strong>Untuk merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong>
memperbaiki kuku yang rapuh, konsumsi vitamin B (terutama B5) lebih
banyak. Menggunakan nail polish pada kuku yang rapuh bisa mencegah kuku
pecah.<br />
4. Jika Anda sering menggunakan nail polish, biarkan kuku
beristirahat sejenak. Biarkan kuku tanpa nailpolish selama beberapa hari
secara berkala untuk mencegah kuku berwarna kuning.<br />
5. untuk <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong> untuk Menghilangkan kutikula dari kuku bukanlah ide yang baik karena akan membuat kuku menjadi rentan terhadap infeksi.<br />
sebaliknya, Anda harus menggunakan minyak kutikula berkualitas <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong> baik dan dorong kembali kutikula dengan lembut menggunakan stik orangewood.<br />
6. untuk <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik </strong> dalam Sebulan sekali lakukan sesi manikur di rumah. Inilah yang harus Anda persiapkan:<br />
- Siapkan air panas.<br />
- Tambahkan 2 sachet sampo dan beberapa tetes hidrogen peroksida (H2O2).<br />
- Celupkan jari di dalam larutan ini selama 15 menit.<br />
- Ketika kuku dan kutikula sudah terasa lembut, gunakan krim dingin dan sikat kuku Anda.<br />
- Bersihkan kuku.<br />
- Potong kutikula.<br />
- Bentuk kuku.<br />
- Membersihkan, memotong, dan membentuk kuku sebaiknya dilakukan ketika kuku dalam keadaan lunak dan lembut.<br />
- Keringkan tangan.<br />
- Oleskan lotion dan pakailah cat kuku dengan rapi.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2360" style="width: 208px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imzfages1.jpeg"><img alt="cat kuku" class="size-full wp-image-2360" height="164" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imzfages1.jpeg" title="cat kuku" width="200" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cat kuku</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2361" style="width: 266px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imagssssssssses.jpeg"><img alt="cat kuku" class="size-full wp-image-2361" height="196" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imagssssssssses.jpeg" title="cat kuku" width="258" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cat kuku</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2362" style="width: 283px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imassssssssges.jpeg"><img alt="cat kuku" class="size-full wp-image-2362" height="183" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imassssssssges.jpeg" title="cat kuku" width="275" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cat kuku</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2363" style="width: 214px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imsssssages.jpeg"><img alt="cat kuku" class="size-full wp-image-2363" height="245" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/imsssssages.jpeg" title="cat kuku" width="206" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
cat kuku</div>
</div>
nah sekarang selamat mencoba ya….<br />
dan siap kan memiliki kuku-kuku yang indah dan cantik…<br />
ikuti tips <strong>merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik</strong><br />
selamat mencoba!!!!<br />
<br />
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<h2>
<u> Post title merawat kuku agar terlihat lebih cantik </u></h2>
model rambut untuk pesta malam, gambar model kuku cantik, cat kuku
korea, gambar kuku cantik lucu, sepatu flat motif anyam, model kuku
syahrini, contoh gambar cat kuku, cara merias kuku, cara merias kuku
dengan kutek, gambar kuku yang cantik, alila ubud, contoh cat kuku 2012,
MACA-MACAM MODEL KUKU, jenis gambar cat kuku, gambar cat kuku, cara
merawat kuku ala artis korea, model tren kuku di korea, kukunya cewek
indonesia, model gambar kuku, kumpulan gambar cat kuku, model gambar
kuku terbaru, model gambar cat kuku, model cat kuku lucu, contoh ukir </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-67489576450270731722013-03-08T23:58:00.001-08:002013-03-08T23:58:20.723-08:00Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1>
Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah</h1>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_2151" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Model-rambut-sesuai-bentuk-wajah.jpg"><img alt="Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah" class="size-medium wp-image-2151 " height="235" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Model-rambut-sesuai-bentuk-wajah-300x235.jpg" title="Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah</div>
</div>
<strong>Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah</strong> – Rambut merupakan
mahkota kaum hawa. Rambut indah akan membawa pesona tersendiri kepada
pemiliknya, karena tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kesempurnaan ragawi
tidak melulu berasal dari wajah. Eksistensinya sebagai <em>Beauty Supporting Aspect </em>diakui oleh seluruh umat manusia, mereka berlomba-lomba menciptakan <strong>model rambut </strong>yang eye catchy dan sesuai dengan padu padan ornamen pada wajah.<br />
<div>
<em>Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah</em> masih didominasi oleh
gaya-gaya yang disebarkan artis korea. Girlband dan boyband yang semakin
menjamur memenuhi industri musik dunia membuat Korea berhasil menggeser
eksistensi trend harajuku yang sempat merajai dunia fashion Indonesia.
Para pelaku fashion, remaja pada khususnya, beramai-ramai merombak
penampilan mereka, mengikuti beberapa tokoh-tokoh idola yang sering
mampir di layar kaca, sebut saja : shiwon Super Junior, SNSD, t-ara
BIG-Bang, dan lain sebagainya.</div>
<div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2155" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-pria.jpg"><img alt="model rambut pria" class="size-medium wp-image-2155" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-pria-300x300.jpg" title="model rambut pria" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
model rambut pria</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
Berikut ini adalah beberapa ulasan tentang <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah</span> yang sedang digandrungi oleh khalayak ramai :</div>
<strong>1. Model rambut</strong> <strong>GLOW</strong><br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2154" style="width: 248px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-pendek1.jpg"><img alt="model rambut pendek" class="size-medium wp-image-2154" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-pendek1-240x300.jpg" title="model rambut pendek" width="240" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
model rambut pendek</div>
</div>
<div>
Model rambut ini merupakan tahun kebangkitan untuk warna GLOW. Dunia
fasion dibanjiri oleh Blink-blik warna glow yang diaplikasikan ke dalam
berbagai kesempatan berbusana, baik formal maupun informal. Bukan hanya
busana, Trend Rambut pun mengadopsi warna serupa, Glow, Gold and
Blink-blik. Pelopornya tidak lain dan tidak bukan ialah para personel
GirlBand and BoyBand asal Korea yang selalu mengaplikasikan warna Glow
dalam tata rambut mereka. Sebut saja <strong>Yoona</strong>, cwe cantik <strong>Personil Girlband SNSD </strong>ini selalu mengenakan warna glow sejak debutnya.<br />
<strong>2. <strong>Model rambut</strong> STRAIGHT</strong><br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2152" style="width: 233px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-panjang.jpg"><img alt="model rambut panjang" class="size-medium wp-image-2152" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-panjang-225x300.jpg" title="model rambut panjang" width="225" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
model rambut panjang</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
Rambut panjang yang lurus menjadi Trend Rambut Terpopuler di Tahun
2012. Selain karena perawatan yang mudah, simplisitas-pun menjadi alasan
utama para pelaku fashion beralih menggunakan model rambut lurus yang
tergerai indah. Lagi-lagi trend ini dipelopori oleh popularitas
selebriti-selebriti negri gingseng yang di dunia entertaiment dunia.
Yoon Eun Hye, Lee Da Hae, <strong>Tiffany SNSD </strong>juga beberapa
artis kore lainnya beramai-ramai menggunakan model ini.Untuk para
remaja-remaja Indonesia, harap berhati-hati dalam memilih gaya, karena
tidak semua gaya rambut sesuai dengan bentuk wajah dan warna kulit kita.
Warna Glow dan Gaya Straight merupakan alternatif terbaik untuk remaja.
Warna Glow akan membuat Kulit kita tampak lebih cerah, sedang gaya
rambut lurus akan membuat penampangna pipi kita lebih tirus, tidak
terkesan Chubby.<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2156" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-emo.jpg"><img alt="model rambut emo" class="size-medium wp-image-2156" height="225" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/model-rambut-emo-300x225.jpg" title="model rambut emo" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
model rambut emo</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<strong>Artikel yang berhubungan dengan Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah : </strong>Model rambut pendek, model rambut untuk rambut tipis, model rambut panjang, model rambut terbaru, model <a class="alrptip" href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/contoh-model-poni-rambut-terbaru">rambut wanita</a>,
model rambut pria, model rambut 2010, model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah,
potongan rambut vs bentuk wajah, model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah
wanita, model rambut sesuai bentuk tubuh, Model rambut sesuai bentuk
wajah, semua bentuk wajah, kenalilah bentuk rambut sesuai, model rambut
pria sesuai bentuk wajah, model rambut pria</div>
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<h2>
<u> Post title Model rambut sesuai bentuk wajah </u></h2>
model rambut panjang, model rambut, rambut segi panjang, rambut panjang,
Model rambut lurus, model rambut sebahu wanita, fesyen rambut, model
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pendek, model rambut cewek, model rambut lurus sebahu, GAMBAR MODEL
RAMBUT, model rambut panjang korea 2013, foto model rambut, style rambut
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-70170482480974300732013-03-08T23:54:00.002-08:002013-03-08T23:54:31.078-08:00baju ala korea<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h1>
baju ala korea</h1>
<div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_2517" style="width: 267px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/images33.jpeg"><img alt="baju ala korea" class="size-full wp-image-2517" height="194" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/images33.jpeg" title="baju ala korea" width="259" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
baju ala korea</div>
</div>
<strong>baju ala korea</strong> – Seiring dengan gencar berkembangnya
kultur Korea dan Korean wave ke dalam lifestyle di Indonesia, tak
jarang ada banyak remaja perempuan dan laki-laki yang begitu menggemari
segala hal yang berbau dengan negara yang satu ini, salah satunya adalah
<span style="color: blue;">baju ala korea</span>. Dengan banyaknya
girl band dan boy band yang bermunculan para remaja pun tak sungkan
untuk mengkopi dan berdandan ala artis Korea kesukaan mereka. Jika kamu
salah satunya, yuk lihat fashion tips dan trik dibawah ini dan miliki
segera penampilan ala artis Korea!<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong>Fashion Korea : Bergaya Ala Artis Korea Favoritmu</strong></div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2520" style="width: 117px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea1-109x3002.png"><img alt="Baju untuk rambut panjang" class="size-full wp-image-2520" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea1-109x3002.png" title="Baju untuk rambut panjang" width="109" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Baju untuk rambut panjang</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2522" style="width: 112px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea2-104x3001.png"><img alt="gaun cewek korea" class="size-full wp-image-2522" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea2-104x3001.png" title="gaun cewek korea" width="104" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
gaun cewek korea</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2523" style="width: 134px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea-126x300.png"><img alt="rok bulu korea" class="size-full wp-image-2523" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea-126x300.png" title="rok bulu korea" width="126" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
rok bulu korea</div>
</div>
<br />
Untuk berdandan dengan style <em>baju ala korea</em> caranya mudah
saja, kamu bisa tampil tomboy ataupun girly, feminin dan manis pilih
saja yang paling sesuai dengan karaktermu. Jika kamu ingin berpenampilan
lebih girly dan cute kamu bisa lihat beberapa style artis Korea yang
mempunyai penampilan yang sama seperti IU atau salah satu personil Miss
A, Suzy sebagai role model <strong>baju ala korea</strong> mu. Jika kamu
ingin tampilan girly yang lebih anggun kamu juga bisa mencontoh gaya
salah satu member SNSD, Seohyun. Inilah beberapa item <strong>baju ala korea</strong> yang wajib untuk kamu miliki untuk tampil seperti dua artis ini:<br />
<ul>
<li>Mini dress</li>
<li>Rok mini berbagai jenis</li>
<li>Hiasan rambut seperti headband</li>
<li>High heels atau wedges</li>
<li>Aksesoris lainnya termasuk gelang kalung bahkan kacamata</li>
</ul>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2524" style="width: 269px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2ne1_style_by_snowflakevip-d4oqbra.jpg"><img alt="Gaya punk korea" class="size-medium wp-image-2524" height="300" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2ne1_style_by_snowflakevip-d4oqbra-261x300.jpg" title="Gaya punk korea" width="261" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
Gaya punk korea</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
Jika kamu ingin tampil dengan gaya yang sedikit lebih edgy dan catchy kamu bisa contoh style<strong> <strong>baju ala korea</strong></strong>
dari dua girl band ternama, 2NE1 dan 4minute yang memfokuskan gayanya
dengan pakaian yang lebih berwarna serta berani untuk menggenakan motif
yang berbeda-beda. Salah satu fashion item yang harus kamu miliki
termasuk:<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2525" style="width: 308px;">
<a href="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea3-300x222.png"><img alt="baju gaul cewek korea" class="size-full wp-image-2525" height="222" src="http://fashion-terbaru.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fashion-korea3-300x222.png" title="baju gaul cewek korea" width="300" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">
baju gaul cewek korea</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Legging dengan print yang berbeda-beda</li>
<li>Jaket kulit</li>
<li>Dress dengan detail yang lebih tajam dan edgy</li>
<li>Ankle Boots</li>
</ul>
<h3>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-55291866296973687462013-03-08T23:52:00.001-08:002013-03-08T23:52:44.379-08:00Cara Make Up Cantik Ala Bintang Korea <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="pageTitle">
Cara Make Up Cantik Ala Bintang Korea</h1>
<br />
Kecantikan kulit wanita korea yang terlihat putih alami, menjadikan
keuntungan tersendiri bagi para make up artist Korea untuk berkreasi.
Pasalnya, dengan dasar kulit yang bersih alami, kreatifitas kita akan
mudah dikembangkan dan hasil make up pun terasa lebih sempurna. Adanya
drama dan K-pop (Boyband&Girlband Korea), yang mulai merambah
televise di seluruh penjuru dunia, menjadikan gaya make up Korea menjadi
sebuah trend global. Gaya make up dari aktris Korea dan Grup pop muda
menjadi pengaruh mode di Cina, Jepang dan Asia Tenggara, di mana wave
Korea pertama dimulai. Tidak hanya itu, bahkan para wanita muda Amerika
dan Eropa pun baru-baru ini juga telah mempelajari teknik-teknik make
up gaya Korea ini melalui berbagai sumber, salah satunya YouTube.
<br />
Lalu, seperti apa sih, make up gaya korea itu?<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="gaya Korea" src="http://img.carapedia.com/images/article/ulzzang%20korea%201%20bp.jpg" style="height: 396px; width: 300px;" /></div>
<br />
Pada dasarnya, gaya make up Korea memiliki ciri khas memoles wajah
untuk membuat wajah terlihat flawless seperti boneka porselen. Dan
sebagai acuan dasar gaya make up korea adalah sebagai berikut;<br />
<br />
• Menyamarkan kulit yang kurang halus menjadi sehalus porselen<br />
<br />
• Membentuk alis yang tebal atau lurus (atau juga segitiga)<br />
<br />
• Minimum, atau tidak banyak memakai eye shadow<br />
<br />
• Untuk bibir, menggunakan warna natural (alam)<br />
<br />
Selain itu, yang perlu diperhatikan adalah gigi yang bersih (putih dan
rapi) juga rambut yang terlihat sehat. Titik berat make up gaya korea
adalah pada mata, mereka (para wanita korea) berusaha membentuk mata
menjadi lebih bulat dan besar untuk itu banyak digunakan , <em>circle lens</em> untuk mendapatkan kesan mata besar. Dengan bantuan <em>double lid glue</em> (atau lem untuk membuat kesan kesan lipatan mata)<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="" src="http://female.store.co.id/images/Image/images/circle%20lens.jpg" style="height: 367px; width: 350px;" /></div>
<br />
Nah, setelah tahu dasar-dasar gaya make up Korea, yuk sama-sama kita ikuti langkah-langkahnya;<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Untuk membuat kesan licin seperti porselen, sembunyikan kekurangan Anda<br />
dengan menggunakan foundation cair keseluruh bagian permukaan wajah Anda.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Tambahkan sedikit glitter untuk wajah Anda, jika Anda ingin terlihat
lebih bersinar, gunakan warna metalik. Dan sapu secara merata kearah
luar dengan kuas.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Kemudian konsentrasi pada alis, agar alis terlihat tebal lurus.
Gunakan pensil alis warna natural dan pulaskan pada alis Anda secara
merata dan berulang kali sampai Anda dapatkan ketebalan. Bentuk dengan
sisir alis.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Gunakan eye shadow berwarna putih, untuk mencerahkan mata Anda
pulaskan sebagian /1/2 saja dengan arah keluar, ratakan pada kelopak
atas dan bawah.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Pulaskan warna hitam pada garis terdalam kelopak atas Anda, untuk
kesan mata lebih lebar. gunakan sikat kecil, dan kuas yang bersih untuk
meratakannya.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Kemudian, lentikkan (keriting) bulu mata Anda</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Tambahkan blush on warna cerah pada kedua pipi Anda. Ambil ½ bagian
atas dan pulaskan kearah atas dengan gerakan melingkar (jangan terlalu
tebal)</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>
Untuk sentuhan akhir, tambahkan lipstick warna natural pada bibir Anda. Berikan kesan kilap dengan lipgloss warna senada.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/gwGhiDjd9KU?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe><strong><em>Kini bersiaplah dengan gaya baru </em></strong><br />
<strong><em>secantik bintang Korea!</em></strong><br />
<br />
Agar lebih jelas, yuk simak video berikut..<br />
<br />
<br />
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-79137439565554493142013-03-08T23:50:00.001-08:002013-03-08T23:50:21.237-08:00Cara Berpenampilan Ala Korean Style-Trend Masa Kini <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 class="title icon">
Cara Berpenampilan Ala Korean Style-Trend Masa Kini
</h2>
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<blockquote class="postcontent restore ">
<img alt="Name: korean style.jpg
Views: 2900
Size: 79.8 KB" border="0" src="http://www.tdwclub.com/attachment.php?s=47256dfb1cccdf75dbd5aa6866fedc40&attachmentid=1203&d=1330089684" style="float: CONFIG;" title="Name: korean style.jpg
Views: 2900
Size: 79.8 KB" /><br />
<br />
Korea Wave atau demam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Korea</b></a>
telah menjangkit masyarakat di berbagai negara di benua Asia, Eropa,
dan Amerika Serikat. Tidak terkecuali Indonesia, pada awalnya masyarakat
Indonesia menyenangi film, penyanyi, boy band dan girl band Korea
karena mereka menunjukkan penampilan yang sangat memukau. Penampilan
mereka ditunjang dengan pakaian, aksesoris dan rambut yang memukau
sehingga masyarakat sangat nyaman dan senang saat melihat penampilan
mereka. Hal tersebut dikenal dengan Korean Style yang memiliki ciri khas
sehingga dapat dibedakan dengan style dari negara-negara lain. Korean
style ini lah yang sekarang menjadi trend dan diikuti oleh kaum
muda-mudi karena ingin tampil seperti idolanya.<br />
<br />
Berikut ini <b>cara berpenampilan Ala Korean Style-<a href="http://www.tdwclub.com/f114/cara-berpenampilan-ala-korean-style-trend-masa-kini-897/" target="_blank">trend masa kini</a></b> :<br />
<ol class="decimal">
<li><b>Kenakan atasan unik dan simpel dengan gambar menarik. </b><br />
Warna merupakan elemen penting untuk menarik perhatian. Untuk penampilan
sehari-hari, cardigans ringan atau jaket yang unik menjadi lapisan
terakhir kombinasi atasan ala bintang Korea.</li>
<li><b>Mini menjadi salah satu kata kunci dalam bawahan yang harus dipakai. </b><br />
Entah celana pendek super mini atau rok mini yang cantik. Jika memang
harus menggunakan celana, pastikan celana tersebut cukup ketat di tubuh.
Legging warna-warni juga merupakan barang fashion yang umum digunakan
untuk melengkapi atasan longgar.</li>
<li><b>Gunakan stocking atau kaus kaki panjang selutut.</b><br />
Ingat, umumnya warna yang digunakan adalah warna-warna cerah yang
menarik perhatian. Warna yang digunakan juga bisa senada dengan
aksesoris yang dikenakan.</li>
<li><b>Boots memang sepatu yang umum digunakan, umumnya boots yang setinggi lutut.</b> <br />
Warna cerah dan motif print harus menjadi pilihan. Untuk sepatu cantik,
pilihan model strappy atau bertali hampir selalu jadi andalan.</li>
<li><b>Topi, hiasan rambut, ikat pinggang yang menarik, dan gelang besar. </b><br />
Wanita Korea memang cukup senang mengenakan topi dan hiasan rambut dalam
kesempatan busana sehari-hari. Aksesori tersebut membuat mereka
terlihat semakin imut dan bergaya.</li>
</ol>
<br />
Jika ingin berpenampilan ala Korean Style, Anda harus benar-benar
percaya diri untuk mengeksplor diri. Jika setengah-setengah dalam
berpenampilan akan membuat Anda terlihat aneh, selain itu Anda harus
mencocokkan setiap pakaian dengan aksesoris yang dipakai agar terlihat
bagus dan cocok untuk dilihat. Pasti Anda tidak ingin datang ke <a href="http://www.tdwclub.com/f33/daftar-10-universitas-terbaik-di-dunia-896/" target="_blank"><b>universitas terbaik</b></a>
di mana tempat Anda untuk melanjutkan pendidikan dengan memakai paduan
pakaian yang tidak serasi sehingga menjadi bahan tawaan.
</blockquote>
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<span class="date">24-02-12, <span class="time">20:45</span></span>
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<blockquote class="postcontent restore ">
Atasan<br />
<br />
<img alt="Name: atasan.jpg
Views: 1898
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Views: 1898
Size: 55.2 KB" /><br />
<br />
<br />
Bawahan<br />
<br />
<img alt="Name: bawahan.jpg
Views: 1934
Size: 16.5 KB" border="0" src="http://www.tdwclub.com/attachment.php?s=47256dfb1cccdf75dbd5aa6866fedc40&attachmentid=1205&d=1330091002" style="float: CONFIG;" title="Name: bawahan.jpg
Views: 1934
Size: 16.5 KB" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Stocking<br />
<br />
<img alt="Name: stocking.jpg
Views: 2001
Size: 48.1 KB" border="0" src="http://www.tdwclub.com/attachment.php?s=47256dfb1cccdf75dbd5aa6866fedc40&attachmentid=1207&d=1330091104" style="float: CONFIG;" title="Name: stocking.jpg
Views: 2001
Size: 48.1 KB" /><br />
<br />
<br />
Boots<br />
<br />
<img alt="Name: boots2.jpg
Views: 2354
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Views: 2354
Size: 33.4 KB" /><br />
<br />
<br />
Aksesoris<br />
<br />
<img alt="Name: boots.jpg
Views: 1942
Size: 32.8 KB" border="0" src="http://www.tdwclub.com/attachment.php?s=47256dfb1cccdf75dbd5aa6866fedc40&attachmentid=1208&d=1330091137" style="float: CONFIG;" title="Name: boots.jpg
Views: 1942
Size: 32.8 KB" />
</blockquote>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-32765980120578850712013-03-08T23:44:00.002-08:002013-03-08T23:44:58.335-08:00Call 2012 fashion trends for teens heading back to school<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="entry-title entry-title">
Call 2012 fashion trends for teens heading back to school</h1>
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<img alt="Plaids will be a fashion trend this fall " height="350" src="http://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/8e/01/8e01acc52108e0155dc8a9004e3bc251.jpeg?itok=7DLm5m1S" title="Plaids will be a fashion trend this fall " width="526" /> </div>
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Teens use clothing and accessories as a means of expressing individuality. <a href="http://www.seventeen.com/fashion/" rel="nofollow">New fashion trends</a>
are literally at their fingertips; a click on a phone or computer lets
teens know what their favorite celebrities s are wearing, which styles
are debuting in Milan and what's happening right here in Los Angeles.<br />
Adults often don’t realize what painstaking effort a teen has made to
create a look as the teens all appear to look the same to adults. This
is common teenage behavior as teens try on different looks, seeking
individuality while at the same time, not venturing far from what is
socially acceptable within their high school or college crowd.<br />
This fall, jeans will remain a large staple of the <a class="inline_link" href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/back-to-school">back to school</a> wardrobe. New to the scene will be <a href="http://mytextilenotes.blogspot.com/2010/02/what-is-coated-denim.html" rel="nofollow">resin-coated jeans</a>
in a rainbow of colors. Skinny, bell-bottom and classic jeans will
still abound, but fit teens will gravitate to the new resin coated jeans
that tend to shimmer and shine as they cling tightly to the wearer’s
body.<br />
Colors tend to be bright and often, jewel toned. Neon colors remain
popular, including tangerine, bright blues, pink and purple. Prints and
plaids will be popular as well, with boys opting for quilted plaid
shirts and outerwear jackets, and girls selecting modern camouflage
prints on tie dyed cotton shirts.<br />
<a href="http://loungewear-for-women88.blogspot.com/2011/05/loungewear-new-street-wear.html" rel="nofollow">Loungewear as every day</a> wear is being promoted by some stores popular with teens (<a href="http://www.gap.com/" rel="nofollow">Gap,</a> <a href="http://www.oldnavy.com/" rel="nofollow">Old Navy</a>, <a href="http://www.aeropostale.com/shop/index.jsp?categoryId=3534619" rel="nofollow">Aeropostale</a>, <a href="http://www.abercrombie.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/StoreView?storeId=10051&langId=-1&catalogId=10901" rel="nofollow">A&F</a>) and some school administrators will likely be dealing with some “is this really appropriate for school?” issues.<br />
Neon sneakers, ballet flats in shiny colors or leopard prints, chunky
platform shoes and boots will be popular footwear for girls. Teen boys
will be seen wearing skateboarder shoes, canvas sneakers, and hiking or
leather boots.<br />
Tribal backpacks will be part of the fall back to school accessory
trend, as will bold plaids and tartans. Coats, scarves, shawls, bags and
shoes will all appear in bright bold plaids and tartans. Chunky jewelry
and stacked bracelets and big sunglasses complete the stylish <a class="inline_link" href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/back-to-school-fashion">back to school fashion</a> statement.<br />
Savvy parents would be wise to wait to do all of the teen back to
school shopping until their teen has had an opportunity to scout out his
or her peers and decides exactly how they might want to reinvent their
individual style for the new school year.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-90048416822410949332013-03-08T23:42:00.002-08:002013-03-08T23:42:23.175-08:00Luxury Fashion in Africa?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Luxury Fashion in Africa?</h1>
<time class="timestamp" datetime="2012-11-17T09:45:00.000Z" pubdate="pubdate">Nov 17, 2012 4:45 AM EST
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At the IHT Luxury Conference in Rome, many said that Africa could
become the next major hub for high-end fashion. Barbie Latza Nadeau
reports.
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="body_inlineimage" style="visibility: hidden;"></a><figure class="multimedia section">
<img alt="Luxury Business Conference " class="cq-dd-image" src="http://cdn.thedailybeast.com/content/dailybeast/articles/2012/11/17/luxury-fashion-in-africa/_jcr_content/body/inlineimage.img.503.jpg/1353122582163.cached.jpg" title="17luxury-fashion-nadeau" />
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International Herald Tribune's Luxury Business Conference held at
Rome Cavalieri on November 15, 2012 in Rome. (Larry Busacca / /Getty
Images)<br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="body_text0" style="visibility: hidden;"></a><div class="text parbase section">
Donning wooden, leopard-print earrings, Suzy Menkes, the legendary fashion editor of the <em>International Herald Tribune</em>,
spoke to hundreds at the Rome Cavalieri, a decadent hotel that sits
atop the city’s highest hill. Yet instead of discussing the merits of
hand-stitching and dyed pelts, Menkes referred to a solemn passage from
Il Gattopardo, an Italian novel about Lampedusa, a troubled island on
the Mediterranean Sea, where war-weary African migrants have been
flocking since the Arab Spring. Sitting in front of her were roughly 600
designers and critics including a number of fashion greats—Vivienne
Westwood, Manolo Blahnik, and Jean Paul Gaultier—who gathered in a dimly
lit ballroom to discuss two seemingly disparate topics at the IHT’s
12th annual Luxury Conference: luxury fashion and Africa.<br />
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When
one thinks of African art and fashion, tourist trinkets invariably come
to mind, images of beaded bracelets sold outside safari lodges. The
view is unfair, of course, but common. Slowly, however, this misplaced
caricature is changing as a growing number of fashion designers and
industry experts are looking to Africa as the next major hub for the
production—and eventually the consumption—of luxury fashion products.
Yet as the fashion industry takes notice of the continent, some fear
that high hopes will soon give way to exploitation and sweatshops as has
occurred in countries such as China and Bangladesh. “There has to be a
balance between virtue and desire,” said Bono, the U2 frontman and
activist, who attended the second day of the conference.<br />
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One
fashion luminary who is trying to break the mold is Nigerian-native
Duro Olowu, one of Michelle Obama’s favorite designers and a man who
represents the type of African high fashion that the luxury leaders are
hoping to harness. Olowu told the audience that although none of his
clothes are on the market in Nigeria, he hoped that Africans will one
day become luxury consumers at home. So far only Ermenegildo Zegna has
dared to open a shop in Lagos, Nigeria’s impoverished capital, but Olowu
expects that to change. “It’s reasonable that one day streets in Lagos
will be lined with the same fashion boutiques found in European
capitals,” he said. Nigerians spend more than any other country in
Africa on luxury goods, but only when they travel abroad because so few
options are available at home. “Africans are big spenders across the
world, but they cannot spend their money at home,” said Franca Sozzani,
editor-in-chief of Italian <i>Vogue</i>. “We need to help them.” Yet she
cautioned that: “Africa is a continent, not a country, and must not be
considered as one market.”<br />
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On
the surface, investing in clothing factories borders on frivolous when
not everyone on the continent has food and fresh water. But many at the
conference said that foreign aid—while important—can also encourage
dependence, and that investing in fashion manufacturing could empower
the population to become skilled workers, high earners, and eventually
customers. “The future focus is doing real business,” said Jochen Zeita,
the chairman of Puma, noting that many Africans have a keen interest in
luxury goods, whether they can afford them or not. “Luxury is not about
price, but inspiration, rare, bespoke and quality far beyond utility.”<br />
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Increasingly,
luxury is also about diversity. Gaultier, the French designer whose
signature spiked gray hair and charming savoir faire made him the
darling of the conference, said that African models made his clothes
come alive, liberating him from industry norms. “There are different
kinds of beauty,” he said. For years, Gaultier has been ahead of his
time, using unique women of all shapes, sizes, and ethnicities in his
seasonal shows, and both he and Menkes scolded Italian and French
fashion houses for sticking to cookie-cutter, thin white models on the
catwalks. “There needs to be a real push and effort by the fashion
houses to encourage diversity on the runway,” said Menkes.<br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="body_pullquote" style="visibility: hidden;"></a><blockquote class="blockquote section">
As the fashion industry takes notice of the continent, some fear
that high hopes will soon give way to exploitation and sweatshops.<br />
</blockquote>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="body_inlinerelated" style="visibility: hidden;"></a><div class="relatedBreak media section">
<h3 class="img heading heading-style-j">
Related Stories</h3>
<ul class="bd">
<li><h4>
<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/03/05/livia-firth-the-dazzling-mrs-colin-firth.html" target="_self">The Dazzling Livia Firth</a></h4>
</li>
<li><h4>
<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/10/a-fashionista-s-india-dream-indrani-changes-girls-fate.html" target="_self">A Fashionista’s India Dream</a></h4>
</li>
<li><h4>
<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/24/nelson-mandela-s-clothing-line-46664-to-debut-at-new-york-fashion-week.html" target="_self">A Clothing Line Inspired By Nelson Mandela</a></h4>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="body_text5" style="visibility: hidden;"></a><div class="text parbase section">
One
of the biggest risks in turning Africa into a producer of luxury goods
is the fear of sweatshops, which have developed in fashion-production
enclaves all over the world. Many fashion activists used their time on
stage to warn industry leaders that it is their responsibility to act
ethically as they develop new markets. <a href="http://youtu.be/0C5_8hEFt4I" target="_blank">A somewhat jittery Bono</a>,
who was accompanied by his wife, Ali Hewson, lauded Africans as
creative entrepreneurial people who need to be supported, not exploited.
And Firth, <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/03/05/livia-firth-the-dazzling-mrs-colin-firth.html">whose “green-carpet challenge</a>”
made headlines when she vowed only to wear sustainable fashion when she
accompanied her Oscar-winning husband on the red carpet, expressed hope
that designers would act wisely and ethically in Africa. “What is it
going to take to get designers to invest in Africa?” she asked. “They
have potential because they can learn from the mistakes of China and
Bangladesh. They [Africans] have already had a slave trade. They aren’t
going to allow another one.”<br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3493943876554222116" name="body_text6" style="visibility: hidden;"></a><div class="text parbase section">
Let’s hope she’s right.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-6062723951989311702013-03-08T23:41:00.001-08:002013-03-08T23:41:07.146-08:00Summer fashion 2012 will be in glorious techno colour<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Summer fashion 2012 will be in glorious techno colour</h1>
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As hyper-real digital printing techniques spread to major fashion houses, British women have stop resisting rainbow palettes</div>
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<img alt="Vanesse G fashion shot" height="276" itemprop="contentUrl representativeOfPage" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Observer/Columnist/Columnists/2012/2/4/1328385294046/Vanesse-G-fashion-shot-006.jpg" width="460" />
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From designer Vanessa Gounden's 2012 spring/summer collection: 'Digital prints allow for a higher level of creativity.'</div>
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It is as reliable as the appearance of the first crocuses: every spring, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/fashion" title="More from guardian.co.uk on Fashion">fashion</a>
embraces colour. This year, however, colour will be different. The
couture shows on the runways of Paris last month have made it clear that
consumers are being invited to face up to a riot of layered, clashing,
bright digital prints like nothing seen before.<br />
While fashion
pages have already warned cautious British women to prepare for a
palette of cheery pastels this Easter, it turns out that striking
patterns and bold floral photographic images on fabrics are just as
likely to mark out the look of 2012, both in home furnishings and on the
rails of dress shops.<br />
The sudden flurry of colour and rapid
spread of busy prints is largely the result of the new ease of computer
printing in fabric design. Five years ago London-based Turkish designer
Erdem was one of the first to set the trend rolling, with his
distinctive blurred photographic fabric designs, many digitally printed.<br />
As
the technology has become more and more affordable, the hyper-real
digital look has spread not just to the famous design houses known for
their vibrant patterns – such as Italy's Missoni and London's Liberty –
but even to more restrained fashion houses such as <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/fashion/chanel" title="More from guardian.co.uk on Chanel">Chanel</a> and Armani, where customers are being urged to consider wearing contrasting prints in a rainbow of hues.<br />
"It
has become easier to manipulate these images, particularly to do the
sort of layering of images that is popular," said Devon-based
international fabric designer and painter Kate Rowley. "So some of the
new photographic look is down to the ease of new digital printing, or to
its influence at least.<br />
"You have always been able to create
bright colours, but the photographic look and this kind of layering of
images has become much easier."<br />
Vanessa Gounden, the South African
designer of celebrity clothes behind the label Vanessa G, sees the new
techniques as essential to her style. "Digital prints allow for a higher
level of creativity, with enhanced flexibility and versatility," she
told the <em>Observer</em>.<br />
She also argues that she works on the
border between fashion and visual art, where bright colours and digital
printing have also had a strong influence. David Hockney's exhibition at
the Royal Academy of Art is the latest and most powerful testament to
the impact of the iPad in creating works of art.<br />
"Technology
allows me to translate pieces of artwork into print in the most
realistic manner and my signature is 'art'outure', the merging of art
and fashion," said Gounden, adding that both commercial and artistic
creativity have to reflect the digital age.<br />
"I draw my inspiration
from real life and current events. This medium of communication allows
me to freely express my emotions and moods as a designer. It allows for
individualism."<br />
Digital fabric printing was developed by the
British/Brazilian designers Basso and Brooke in 2004, and had picked up a
wide following by the end of the decade. The late Alexander McQueen's
2010 spring/summer collection was hailed for its use of computer graphic
design.<br />
"Digital printing has levelled the playing field," Philip
Delamore, director of the Digital Studio at the London College of
Fashion, has said. "Emerging designers can compete with large,
established houses without having to have the huge investment required
with other techniques. Printing digitally means the cost of printing one
or 1,000 colours in an image is no different."<br />
Other fans of the technique are designers William Tempest and Peter Pilotto. Pilotto's spring 2012 collection was applauded in <em>Vogue</em>
for using "images of mercury to digitally enhance the kaleidoscopic
line of their prints". "That slight cyber distortion," the magazine went
on, "made for an otherworldly, Avatar-like brilliance."<br />
The new
prints are also a reaction to the grim economic climate. Designers
planning fabrics for 2012 have been able to calculate for some months on
a new appetite for colour. "In a recession people want to be cheered
up," said Rowley. "They want colour and they want recognisable images. I
am a furnishings designer who pays attention to fashion and in
furnishing you want designs you can recognise in a time of recession."<br />
Coco
Chanel once said: "Fashion is not something that exists in dresses
only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street; fashion has to do with
ideas, the way we live, what is happening." But for the British consumer
making such a date with vibrant colour is perhaps a bigger ask than in
other international markets. "The English people are quite afraid of
colour," said Rowley. "There is a lower-middle-class timidity about
attitudes to it. There have been times when wearing sombre colours was a
way to seem like a serious and intellectual person."<br />
In America,
Rowley has noticed a steady demand for colour in a fabric category known
as "tropical". "It is a constant. Demand may change with fashion, but
basically you know it will be there. In furnishings, where I mainly
work, it might be a bit less bright and colourful than in clothes,
because there is only a very small percentage of people who are going to
want a psychedelic sofa, but if you think of Hawaiian shirts that kind
of thing always sells in America."<br />
Our tentative love affair with
colour came in, Rowley says, as part of the fashion for 60s and 70s
looks: "On one hand you had smart shift dresses, reminiscent of Mary
Quant, but you also had the swirly colours of psychedelia from nostalgia
for the hippy look."<br />
Working women who need a smarter, business
look tend to use bold prints by going for the "block colour" look, much
favoured by television newsreaders.<br />
Rowley sounds a final note of
caution: "National taste, of course, does take account of skin colour,
as it should. We look dreadful in acid yellow. Yet you can sell it in
Italy, so it is to do with skin tone and the quality of the light. In
Britain, if we want to be bright we wear red."<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16076336546990531426noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493943876554222116.post-31216153921980207142013-03-08T23:40:00.000-08:002013-03-08T23:40:19.806-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<article class="post-10474 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-httpbindenoer-comlifestyle-3 tag-2013 tag-ala tag-fashion tag-k-pop tag-laku tag-tidak post-single has_thumb" id="post-10474" rel="author">
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Fashion Ala K-Pop Tidak Laku di 2013 ?</h1>
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Posted in <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?cat=72" rel="category" title="View all posts in LifeStyle">LifeStyle</a></span>
<span class="post-author">by <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?author=1" rel="author" title="Posts by Binde">Binde</a> </span>
<span class="post-time">on 05 January 2013</span>
<span class="post-tags">Tags: <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=2013" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=ala" rel="tag">Ala</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=fashion" rel="tag">Fashion</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=k-pop" rel="tag">K-POP</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=laku" rel="tag">Laku</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=tidak" rel="tag">Tidak</a></span>
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<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10475" rel="attachment wp-att-10475"><img alt="girls-generation-dance-group" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10475" data-id="10475" height="212" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/girls-generation-dance-group.jpg" width="490" /></a>Sejak
setahun terakhir, demam fashion ala K-Pop menjangkiti remaja Indonesia.
Tak berhenti di situ, demam ini juga menjangkiti kaum ibu-ibu muda.
Buktinya, tak hanya dirinya sendiri yang tampil ala K-Pop, anak-anak
mereka pun dibesut busana K-Pop. Tapi siapa sangka jika di tahun ini
(2013), ketenaran fashioan ala K-Pop ada di ujung tanduk?<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10477" rel="attachment wp-att-10477"><img alt="K-POP fashion style" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10477" data-id="10477" height="288" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/kr.jpg" width="490" /></a><br />
Demam mode ini ditandai dengan muncul segelintir boy band yang berkiblat
pada genre pop korea. Sebut saja, Smash. Bak kue kastengel di bulan
Ramadhan dan Lebaran, musik mereka pun laris di pasaran. Uwala… dalam
sekejap, boy band itu menjadi terkenal.<br />
Tertarik mencicipi manisnya ketenaran Smash, sejumlah boy band maupun
girl band yang mengusung genre K-Pop pun mulai bermunculan. Sebut saja 7
Ikons, Cherry Belle, Tina Toon with D’girl, Coboy Junior, dan masih
banyak lagi. Tak mau ketinggalan, salah satu stasiun televisi nasional
pun pernah menggelar kontes pencarian boy band dan girl band K-Pop.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10479" rel="attachment wp-att-10479"><img alt="chum" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10479" data-id="10479" height="327" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/chum.jpg" width="486" /></a><br />
Model busana yang mereka kenakan pun jadi kiblat bagi para penggemarnya
yang notabene adalah generasi remaja, anak-anak hingga ibu-ibu muda.
Jadi tak heran pula kalau begitu banyak orang yang berbusana ala K-Pop
seperti artis boy band maupun girl band pujaa mereka.<br />
Tak sebatas busana, pernak-pernik bernuansa K-Pop pun juga menjadi
suatu keharusan untuk dikenakan. Di antaranya, tas, sepatu serta
accessories lain, seperti jepit rambut, gelang, kalung, anting yang
berwana menyala khas K-Pop.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10481" rel="attachment wp-att-10481"><img alt="fashion-style-of-SNSD-Yoona-2012-2013" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10481" data-id="10481" height="318" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/fashion-style-of-SNSD-Yoona-2012-2013.jpg" width="480" /></a><br />
Tapi, demam fashion ini diprediksi bakal mereda di tahun 2013. Bak
tanaman di musim kering, fashion K-Pop bakal layu. Menurut Tempo.Co,
dikatakan peramal Endang Tarot, era K-Pop mulai layu di tahun ular
(2013). Hal itu dapat lihat dari uforia K-Pop yang akhir-akhir ini mulai
berkurang. “2013 seperti masa transisi,” katanya<br />
Menurut dia, masyarakat sudah mulai jenuh dengan genre musik
tersebut. Umumnya tabiat manusia, jika jenuh, nantinya masyarakat akan
mencari genre musik baru.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10483" rel="attachment wp-att-10483"><img alt="Jd14Bg82" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10483" data-id="10483" height="343" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Jd14Bg82.jpg" width="490" /></a><br />
Jika 2013 era musik K-Pop diprediksi bakal tenggelam, akankah fashion
ala K-Pop masih akan berkibar? Pasalnya, fashion K-Pop yang disandang
oleh masyarakat Indonesia, mayoritas berkiblat pada artis-artis nasional
yang mengusung genre musik itu. <br />
Jika prediksi itu jadi kenyataan, sepertinya para penggemar fashion
ala K-Pop di Indonesia harus siap-siap mati gaya. Sebab, boy band dan
girl band yang jadi referensi mereka ber-fashion ria diprediksi bakal
jarang tampil di televisi tahun ini.<br />
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Fashion Ala K-Pop Tidak Laku di 2013 ?</h1>
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Posted in <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?cat=72" rel="category" title="View all posts in LifeStyle">LifeStyle</a></span>
<span class="post-author">by <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?author=1" rel="author" title="Posts by Binde">Binde</a> </span>
<span class="post-time">on 05 January 2013</span>
<span class="post-tags">Tags: <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=2013" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=ala" rel="tag">Ala</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=fashion" rel="tag">Fashion</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=k-pop" rel="tag">K-POP</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=laku" rel="tag">Laku</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=tidak" rel="tag">Tidak</a></span>
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<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10475" rel="attachment wp-att-10475"><img alt="girls-generation-dance-group" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10475" data-id="10475" height="212" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/girls-generation-dance-group.jpg" width="490" /></a>Sejak
setahun terakhir, demam fashion ala K-Pop menjangkiti remaja Indonesia.
Tak berhenti di situ, demam ini juga menjangkiti kaum ibu-ibu muda.
Buktinya, tak hanya dirinya sendiri yang tampil ala K-Pop, anak-anak
mereka pun dibesut busana K-Pop. Tapi siapa sangka jika di tahun ini
(2013), ketenaran fashioan ala K-Pop ada di ujung tanduk?<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10477" rel="attachment wp-att-10477"><img alt="K-POP fashion style" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10477" data-id="10477" height="288" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/kr.jpg" width="490" /></a><br />
Demam mode ini ditandai dengan muncul segelintir boy band yang berkiblat
pada genre pop korea. Sebut saja, Smash. Bak kue kastengel di bulan
Ramadhan dan Lebaran, musik mereka pun laris di pasaran. Uwala… dalam
sekejap, boy band itu menjadi terkenal.<br />
Tertarik mencicipi manisnya ketenaran Smash, sejumlah boy band maupun
girl band yang mengusung genre K-Pop pun mulai bermunculan. Sebut saja 7
Ikons, Cherry Belle, Tina Toon with D’girl, Coboy Junior, dan masih
banyak lagi. Tak mau ketinggalan, salah satu stasiun televisi nasional
pun pernah menggelar kontes pencarian boy band dan girl band K-Pop.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10479" rel="attachment wp-att-10479"><img alt="chum" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10479" data-id="10479" height="327" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/chum.jpg" width="486" /></a><br />
Model busana yang mereka kenakan pun jadi kiblat bagi para penggemarnya
yang notabene adalah generasi remaja, anak-anak hingga ibu-ibu muda.
Jadi tak heran pula kalau begitu banyak orang yang berbusana ala K-Pop
seperti artis boy band maupun girl band pujaa mereka.<br />
Tak sebatas busana, pernak-pernik bernuansa K-Pop pun juga menjadi
suatu keharusan untuk dikenakan. Di antaranya, tas, sepatu serta
accessories lain, seperti jepit rambut, gelang, kalung, anting yang
berwana menyala khas K-Pop.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10481" rel="attachment wp-att-10481"><img alt="fashion-style-of-SNSD-Yoona-2012-2013" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10481" data-id="10481" height="318" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/fashion-style-of-SNSD-Yoona-2012-2013.jpg" width="480" /></a><br />
Tapi, demam fashion ini diprediksi bakal mereda di tahun 2013. Bak
tanaman di musim kering, fashion K-Pop bakal layu. Menurut Tempo.Co,
dikatakan peramal Endang Tarot, era K-Pop mulai layu di tahun ular
(2013). Hal itu dapat lihat dari uforia K-Pop yang akhir-akhir ini mulai
berkurang. “2013 seperti masa transisi,” katanya<br />
Menurut dia, masyarakat sudah mulai jenuh dengan genre musik
tersebut. Umumnya tabiat manusia, jika jenuh, nantinya masyarakat akan
mencari genre musik baru.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10483" rel="attachment wp-att-10483"><img alt="Jd14Bg82" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10483" data-id="10483" height="343" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Jd14Bg82.jpg" width="490" /></a><br />
Jika 2013 era musik K-Pop diprediksi bakal tenggelam, akankah fashion
ala K-Pop masih akan berkibar? Pasalnya, fashion K-Pop yang disandang
oleh masyarakat Indonesia, mayoritas berkiblat pada artis-artis nasional
yang mengusung genre musik itu. <br />
Jika prediksi itu jadi kenyataan, sepertinya para penggemar fashion
ala K-Pop di Indonesia harus siap-siap mati gaya. Sebab, boy band dan
girl band yang jadi referensi mereka ber-fashion ria diprediksi bakal
jarang tampil di televisi tahun ini.<br />
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<article class="post-10474 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-httpbindenoer-comlifestyle-3 tag-2013 tag-ala tag-fashion tag-k-pop tag-laku tag-tidak post-single has_thumb" id="post-10474" rel="author">
<div class="post-top">
<h1 class="post-title">
Fashion Ala K-Pop Tidak Laku di 2013 ?</h1>
<div class="post-meta the-icons pmeta-alt">
<span class="post-category">
Posted in <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?cat=72" rel="category" title="View all posts in LifeStyle">LifeStyle</a></span>
<span class="post-author">by <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?author=1" rel="author" title="Posts by Binde">Binde</a> </span>
<span class="post-time">on 05 January 2013</span>
<span class="post-tags">Tags: <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=2013" rel="tag">2013</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=ala" rel="tag">Ala</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=fashion" rel="tag">Fashion</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=k-pop" rel="tag">K-POP</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=laku" rel="tag">Laku</a>, <a href="http://bindenoer.com/?tag=tidak" rel="tag">Tidak</a></span>
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<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10475" rel="attachment wp-att-10475"><img alt="girls-generation-dance-group" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10475" data-id="10475" height="212" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/girls-generation-dance-group.jpg" width="490" /></a>Sejak
setahun terakhir, demam fashion ala K-Pop menjangkiti remaja Indonesia.
Tak berhenti di situ, demam ini juga menjangkiti kaum ibu-ibu muda.
Buktinya, tak hanya dirinya sendiri yang tampil ala K-Pop, anak-anak
mereka pun dibesut busana K-Pop. Tapi siapa sangka jika di tahun ini
(2013), ketenaran fashioan ala K-Pop ada di ujung tanduk?<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10477" rel="attachment wp-att-10477"><img alt="K-POP fashion style" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10477" data-id="10477" height="288" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/kr.jpg" width="490" /></a><br />
Demam mode ini ditandai dengan muncul segelintir boy band yang berkiblat
pada genre pop korea. Sebut saja, Smash. Bak kue kastengel di bulan
Ramadhan dan Lebaran, musik mereka pun laris di pasaran. Uwala… dalam
sekejap, boy band itu menjadi terkenal.<br />
Tertarik mencicipi manisnya ketenaran Smash, sejumlah boy band maupun
girl band yang mengusung genre K-Pop pun mulai bermunculan. Sebut saja 7
Ikons, Cherry Belle, Tina Toon with D’girl, Coboy Junior, dan masih
banyak lagi. Tak mau ketinggalan, salah satu stasiun televisi nasional
pun pernah menggelar kontes pencarian boy band dan girl band K-Pop.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10479" rel="attachment wp-att-10479"><img alt="chum" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10479" data-id="10479" height="327" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/chum.jpg" width="486" /></a><br />
Model busana yang mereka kenakan pun jadi kiblat bagi para penggemarnya
yang notabene adalah generasi remaja, anak-anak hingga ibu-ibu muda.
Jadi tak heran pula kalau begitu banyak orang yang berbusana ala K-Pop
seperti artis boy band maupun girl band pujaa mereka.<br />
Tak sebatas busana, pernak-pernik bernuansa K-Pop pun juga menjadi
suatu keharusan untuk dikenakan. Di antaranya, tas, sepatu serta
accessories lain, seperti jepit rambut, gelang, kalung, anting yang
berwana menyala khas K-Pop.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10481" rel="attachment wp-att-10481"><img alt="fashion-style-of-SNSD-Yoona-2012-2013" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10481" data-id="10481" height="318" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/fashion-style-of-SNSD-Yoona-2012-2013.jpg" width="480" /></a><br />
Tapi, demam fashion ini diprediksi bakal mereda di tahun 2013. Bak
tanaman di musim kering, fashion K-Pop bakal layu. Menurut Tempo.Co,
dikatakan peramal Endang Tarot, era K-Pop mulai layu di tahun ular
(2013). Hal itu dapat lihat dari uforia K-Pop yang akhir-akhir ini mulai
berkurang. “2013 seperti masa transisi,” katanya<br />
Menurut dia, masyarakat sudah mulai jenuh dengan genre musik
tersebut. Umumnya tabiat manusia, jika jenuh, nantinya masyarakat akan
mencari genre musik baru.<br />
<a href="http://bindenoer.com/?attachment_id=10483" rel="attachment wp-att-10483"><img alt="Jd14Bg82" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-10483" data-id="10483" height="343" src="http://bindenoer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Jd14Bg82.jpg" width="490" /></a><br />
Jika 2013 era musik K-Pop diprediksi bakal tenggelam, akankah fashion
ala K-Pop masih akan berkibar? Pasalnya, fashion K-Pop yang disandang
oleh masyarakat Indonesia, mayoritas berkiblat pada artis-artis nasional
yang mengusung genre musik itu. <br />
Jika prediksi itu jadi kenyataan, sepertinya para penggemar fashion
ala K-Pop di Indonesia harus siap-siap mati gaya. Sebab, boy band dan
girl band yang jadi referensi mereka ber-fashion ria diprediksi bakal
jarang tampil di televisi tahun ini.<br />
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